CMSC 126 - U1

• In late 1990, Tim Berners-Lee at CERN invented the World Wide Web for large high-energy physics collaborations
• The World Wide Web is founded on the concept of hypertext, linking one document to another to explain terms or concepts
• The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to share information
• ARPANET, an experimental computer network, served as the precursor to the Internet
• ARPANET was funded by ARPA, a branch of the U.S. Defense Department, to connect computers at research institutions funded by the Pentagon
• The Internet Protocol (IP) address serves as a unique identifier for devices within the network
• In late 1990, Tim Berners-Lee at CERN invented the World Wide Web for large high-energy physics collaborations
• DNS (Domain Name System) was introduced to simplify remembering website names instead of IP addresses
• The World Wide Web is founded on the concept of hypertext, linking one document to another to explain terms or concepts
• The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to share information
• A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) consists of parts like Protocol, Subdomain, Second-level Domain, Top-level Domain, and Subdirectory
• Web Engineering involves systematic methodologies for developing high-quality systems or applications on the web
• ARPANET, an experimental computer network, served as the precursor to the Internet
• A website is a collection of pages within a domain name, while a domain name represents the website as a URL
• ARPANET was funded by ARPA and aimed to connect computers at research institutions funded by the Pentagon via telephone lines
• Web Applications are interactive, require precompilation, have complex functions, and need high browser capabilities
• The Internet uses IP addresses as unique identifiers for devices, and DNS was introduced to simplify remembering website names
• Steps in web engineering include Planning, Designing, and Programming the functionalities of the application
• Front-end Technological Stacks include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Frontend Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js
• URL parts:

  • Protocol (or Scheme): dictates how devices communicate, such as HTTP
  • Subdomain: subdivisions of a domain, like docs.google.com
  • Second-level Domain: the website name, e.g., docs.google.com
  • Top-level Domain: indicates the type of organization, like .com, .org, .edu
• Back-end Technological Stacks include Programming Languages, Backend Frameworks like Laravel and Django, Web Servers like Apache and Nginx, and Databases like MySQL and MongoDB
• Web Engineering involves systematic methodologies for developing high-quality web applications
• Common Tech Stack Models for web app development include LAMP, ASP.NET, MEAN, Ruby on Rails, Python, and Java Stacks
• A website is a collection of pages within a domain name, while a domain name represents the website as a URL
• Web Application vs. Website:

  • Web Application: interactive, requires precompilation, complex functions, high browser capabilities, authentication
  • Website: contains static content, simple functions, not interactive, simpler integration, no authentication
• Steps in web engineering:

  • Planning Your Web Application: decide on the purpose and functionalities
  • Designing Your Web Application: create the user interface
  • Programming the Functionalities of Your Application: implement the functionalities
• Front-end Technological Stacks:

  • HTML: for structuring web pages
  • CSS: for styling and formatting web pages
  • JavaScript: for interactivity and dynamic behavior
  • Frontend Frameworks: implementations like React, Angular, and Vue.js
• Back-end Technological Stacks:

  • Programming Languages: PHP, JavaScript (Node.js), Python, etc.
  • Backend Frameworks: Laravel (PHP), Django (Python), Ruby on Rails (Ruby), etc.
  • Web Servers: Apache, Nginx, etc.
  • Databases: MySQL, MongoDB, Firebase Realtime Database, etc.
• Top Tech Stack Models:

  • LAMP Stack: Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP
  • ASP.NET Stack: ASP.NET MVC, IIS, Angular with TypeScript, SQL Server, Microsoft Azure
  • MEAN Stack: MongoDB, Express.js, Angular.js or React.js or Vue.js, Node.js
  • Ruby on Rails Stack: Ruby, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSON or XML
  • Python Stack: Python, Django
  • Java Stack: Java, Spring, Wildfly, Linux, NGINX
• History of World Wide Web:

  • In late 1990, Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web
  • Originally developed for high-energy physics collaborations for instantaneous information sharing between physicists worldwide
  • Tim and Robert Cailliau wrote the first WWW client and server, along with defining URLs, HTTP, and HTML
• World Wide Web:

  • Built around the concept of hypertext, linking one document to another
  • Interconnected like a web through the Internet
  • Allows linking images and sounds to documents
• The Internet:

  • Started in the 1960s for government researchers to share information
  • ARPANET was the forerunner of the Internet, linking computers at research institutions
  • Formed due to the Cold War and the need for information dissemination after a nuclear attack
• ARPANET:

  • Experimental computer network funded by ARPA in the late 1960s
  • Purpose was to link computers at Pentagon-funded research institutions
  • Forerunner of the Internet
• Web Engineering:

  • Branch of software engineering for developing high-quality web systems or applications
  • Concerned with using systematic methodologies for successful development and maintenance of web applications
• Website vs. Domain Name:

  • A website is a collection of pages within a domain name
  • Domain name represents the website as a URL
• Web App vs. Website:

  • Web application is interactive for users, while a website contains static content
  • Web application requires precompilation before deployment, unlike a website
• URL Parts:

  • Protocol (or Scheme) - how devices communicate (e.g., HTTP)
  • Subdomain - part of the domain (e.g., docs.google.com)
  • Second-level Domain - the website name (e.g., google.com)
  • Top-level Domain - indicates the type of organization (e.g., .com, .org)
  • Subdirectory - specific page or part in a webpage
• Technological Stacks in Web Engineering:

  Front-end Technological Stacks:

  • HTML, CSS, JavaScript
  • Frontend Frameworks

  Back-end Technological Stacks:

  • Programming Languages (PHP, JavaScript, Python)
  • Backend Frameworks (Laravel, Django, Ruby on Rails)
  • Web Servers (Apache, Nginx)
  • Databases (MySQL, MongoDB, Firebase Realtime Database)
• Top Tech Stack Models:

  1. LAMP - Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP

  2. ASP.NET - ASP.NET MVC, IIS, Angular with Typescript, SQL Server, Microsoft Azure

  3. MEAN - MongoDB, Express.js, Angular.js, Node.js

  4. Ruby on Rails - Ruby, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSON or XML

  5. Python - Python, Django

  6. Java - Java, Spring, Wildfly, Linux, NGINX