Biology B5

• Where is the cerebellum and what does it do?

  At the base of the brain next to the spinal cord. (Back)

  Muscle coordination.
• Where is the medulla and what does it do?

  At the bottom by the spinal cord. (Front)

  Controls unconcious activities like breathing and heart rate.
• Where is the cerebral cortex and what does it do?

  Outer layer.

  Responsible for conciousness, intelligence, memory and language.
• What is the brain in charge of?

  Our complex behaviours and it controls and coordinates everything we do
• What is he brain made up of?

  Billions of interconnected neurones.
• How can you test the effectiveness of caffeine on the body?

  1. Person should sit with their arm on the edge of a table.

  2. Hold ruler vertically between their thumb and forefinger and let go.

  3. Person should catch ruler and the number on which they catch it is their reaction time.

  4. Repeat test and calculate mean.

  5. Repeat test but the person should drink a caffeinated drink first.
• What drug speeds up reaction time?

  Caffeine
• What is reaction time?

  The time taken to respond to a stimulus.
• What plant hormone stimulates the ripening of fruit?


  ethene.
• Which plant growth hormone stimulates plant stems to grow?

  Gibberellin.
• State three uses for auxins.

  1. Killing weeds

  2. Growing from cuttings with root powder.

  3. Growing cells in tissue culture.
• How do you investigate plant growth?

  1. Put 10 cress seeds in 3 different petri dishes each lined with moist filter paper.

  2. Shine a light onto one of the dishes from above and two of the dishes from different directions.

  3. Leave for a week - the seedlings grow towards the light.
• Whats the relationship between shoots, roots and gravity?

  Shoots - grow away from gravity

  Roots - grow towards gravity
• Where do shoots grow towards?

  light.
• What does it do?

  Controls the growth of a plant in response to light and gravity.
• What is auxin?

  A plant growth hormone found in the tip of plants
• What is thyroxine?

  Produced in thyroid gland.

  Regulates basal metabolic rate.
• What is adrenaline?

  A hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight.
• What risks are involved with IVF?

  Multiple births can happen.

  Success rate is low.

  Physically distressing.
• How does IVF treatment work?

  IVF involves collecting eggs from the woman's ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using the males sperm.

  The fertilised eggs are grown into embryos in a laboratory incubator.

  Once the embryos are tiny balls of cells, one or two of them are transferred to the woman's uterus to improve the chance of pregnancy.
• What is sterilisation?

  cutting or tying the fallopian tubes
• State a barrier form of contraception.

  Condom
• What does "the pill" contain?

  oestrogen and progesterone.
• What does progesterone do?

  Maintains lining of uterus
• What does LH do?

  Stimulates the release of an egg
• What does oestrogen do?

  It causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and grow
• What does FSH do?

  Causes egg to mature and stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen.
• What 4 hormones control the menstrual cycle?

  1 - FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

  2 - Oestrogen

  3 - LH (Luteinising Hormone)

  4 - Progesterone
• State the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle.

  Stage 1 - uterus lining breaks down.

  Stage 2 - uterus lining builds up again.

  Stage 3 - egg develops and is released (ovulation).

  Stage 4 - wall is maintained.
• What is the main reproductive organ in women?

  Oestrogen - produced by ovaries.
• What is the main reproductive organ in men?

  Testosterone - produced in the testes.
• What is the other treatment for kidney failure?

  A kidney transplant.
• What do dialysis machines do?

  Filter the blood
• What hormone controls the concentration of urine?

  anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

  It's released into bloodstream via the pituitary gland.
• What is urea?

  A waste product formed in the liver. The blood transports it to the kidneys where it is removed.
• What is selective reabsorption?

  When useful substances like glucose, some ions and the right amount of water are then absorbed back into the blood.
• What do the kidneys do?

  filter blood and remove waste products out of the blood.
• What is type two diabetes?

  when the body becomes resistant to insulin
• What is type one diabetes?

  where the body doesn't produce insulin
• What happens when blood glucose level is too low?

  glucagon added.