Van Dijk (1991) found that the use of the word 'black' is often used when describing criminals, but white is rarely used in the same way
Van Dijk (1991) found that black people are often called 'Criminals'
Hall et al. (1978) conducted their study called 'Policing the Crisis' which discussed the stereotype around patterns of crime, e.g. 'Mugger' became a moral panic and it was stereotypically portrayed as a black mugger (an example of a 'Folk Devil')
