B1 Cell biology

• What are ribosomes?

  The site of protein synthesis.
• What subcellular structures does an animal cell have?

  Cell membrane, membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and cytoplasm.
• What subcellular structures does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn't?

  Chloroplasts, cell wall and permanent vacuole.
• Where is a bacterial cells (prokaryotic) genetic information contained?

  DNA loop and plasmids
• What cell/s are prokaryote/s?

  Bacterial cells
• What cell/s are eukaryote/s?

  Animal and plant cells
• What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

  1. Eukaryotes are bigger.
  2. Prokaryotes' genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus.
• What are the similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

  1. Both have cell membrane
  2. Both have cytoplasm
  3. Both have cell wall (only plant and bacterial cells)
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  Made of cellulose which strengthens the cell.
• What is in the vacuole?

  Cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salts) which maintains a water potential gradient.
• What are prokaryotic cells?

  Small unicellular organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus.
• What are eukaryotic cells?

  have a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope with pores that allow transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
• What are chloroplasts?

  double membraned structures involved in photosynthesis.
• What are mitochondria?

  The site of aerobic respiration for energy.
• What are the stages of mitosis?

  1. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and then two copies are pulled by cell fibres to opposite sides of the cell.
  2. Membranes form around them to form the new nuclei.
  3. The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two cells genetically identical to each other and the original cell.
• What is mitosis important for?

  Growth, repair and development.