Plant & Animal Cells

• Cell Membrane: flexible layer of phospholipids that surround the cell and controls what goes in and out
• Nucleus: control center of the cell, contains and protects genetic material in the form of DNA
• Nucleolus: round structure found within nucleus, makes ribosomes parts
• Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell, double membrane, the site of cellular respiration.
• Smooth ER: produces lipids, and aids in detox
• Rough ER: ER with ribosomes attached to it
• Golgi Bodies: stacked folds of membrane, vesicles from ER come to Golgi that processes, packages and transports proteins
• Food Vacuole: food particles stored these vacuoles through phagocytosis before fusing with lysosomes for digestion
• Contractile Vacuole: collect and pump water out of cells of freshwater protists
• Central Vacuole: large vacuole in plant cells that store a variety of material
• Ribosomes: build protein for the cell
• Free Ribosomes: within the cytoplasm, make proteins that stay within the cytoplasm
• Attached Ribosomes: ribosomes that are attached to the ER, make proteins to be secreted
• Cell Wall: rigid and porous cellulose structure that provides support and protection to the plant cell
• Chloroplast: enclosed double membrane, site of photosynthesis that allows plants to make their own food
• Centrosome: barrel shaped, organizes spindles to be used during cell division
• Lysosome: present in animal cells, sac with enzymes used to digest proteins, fats etc, suicide sac
• Peroxisomes: single membrane bound vesicles, converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, breaks down fatty acids and aids in detox
• Cytoskeleton: gives the cell its shape and helps organize cell parts, including the movement of organelles
• Extracellular Matrix: provides support and anchorage for cells, cells travel to matching ECM during development, sends signals
• Intercellular Junctions: allows cells to interact and communicate with each other.
• Plasmodesmata: only in plant cells, channels form in wall of cells through which materials and cytoplasm are shared
• Tight Junctions: sealing junction in animal cells, membranes of cells are fused to prevent leakage of fluid
• Desmosomes: junction that acts like anchors in animal cells, proteins hold cells together like snaps.
• Gap Junctions: junctions that allow communication in animal cells, channels through which materials can pass
• Chromosomes: compact form of DNA found in the nucleus of a cell.
• Compartmentalization: membranes that divide cell into separate locations