Geography section B

• GNI - Gross national Income Total value of goods/services / total population
• HDI - human development index. rates quality of life, uses life expectancy, GNI & education years.. SOCIAL
• HIC - High income country. NEE - Newly emerging economy. LIC - low-income country.
• GDP - gross domestic product - ECONOMIC.
• Development is uneven because of wealth and imbalance in resources across countries - health, historical,
• Demographic transition model shows how population changes over time as a country develops.
• Population pyramids - show breakdown of age and gender in a country - can predict future population issues with birth and death rates.
• Strategy to close development gap = Investment - TNCs setting up businesses in LICs/NEEs.
• Strategy to close development gap= Microfinance loans - small scale financial support direct from banks
• Strategy to close development gap = industrial development - bringing jobs, high income
• Strategy to close development gap = Tourism -tourists from HICs spending money in the LIC/NEEs.
• Strategy to close development gap = Aid - financial, emergency, food, water, skills to support to LIC/NEEs.
• Strategy to close development gap = Fair trade - ensuring workers get fairly paid and treated properly.
• Nigeria (Country in West Africa) growing at a fast rate economically and population. 2.5% of the world's oil. Farming - 37%. Social - multi-faiths, Politics: links with China and USA. Culture - Nollywood!
• Nigeria - Traditionally primary, moved towards more tertiary sector in previous decade.
• TNC in Nigeria = Shell. Positives - jobs, growth of economy, taxes. Negatives - Oil spills, theft and bandits, cost of security.
• Economic develop in nigeria (TNC) - improved HDI ,Improved life expectancy, safe water, education.
• Aid supports Nigeria - assisting with clean water and reliable electricity.
• Environmental issues in nigeria - oil spills, water pollution, deforestation.
• Manchester science park - group of scientific and technological knowledge based business, aligned to universities.
• Birch business park - Edge of towns, cluster of businesses.
• Uk improvements = Road-SMART motorways. Rail-HS2 electrification of trans pennine lines. Airports-Heathrow expansion. Ports-expansion (Liverpool2)
• Uk N/S divide - South is richer, more investment, higher paid jobs, higher valued homes. Strategies to close include the Northern Powerhouse or Mediacity UK.
• Uk with world = Trade - exports mainly USA. Imports Germany(cars). Culture-TV & film. Transport-Heathrow, channel tunnel. EU-Brexit!