RNA

• Ribonucleic acid(RNA): contains 5-carbon sugar called Ribose
• in RNA, each nucleotide contains 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. A bonds with U; C bonds with G; (T bonds with A)
• RNA is a single stranded molecule (unlike dna which is double stranded) composed of short strands of 100 to several 1000 nucleotides
• Rna: ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
• Messenger Rna (mRNA) is a single stranded RNA molecule that carries the information from DNA to ribosomes. it is a copy of the dna made inside the nucleus through the process of transcription, then moves out into the cytoplasm with instructions for a single protein.

  
• Transfer rna (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation. tRNAs are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that carry specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome. Each tRNA has an anticodon sequence complementary to one codon on mRNA. The amino acid carried by the tRNA corresponds to the codon on the mRNA.

  
• anticodon: a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. Codon: a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule, corresponding to a codon in a messenger RNA.

  
• protein synthesis: the process of making proteins from amino acids through transcription and translation. (also called gene expression) (DNA->RNA->Protein)

  
• genetic code: the set of rules used by cells to translate sequences of bases in DNA and RNA into sequences of amino acids in proteins.
• Ribosomal RNA(rRNA) is a single stranded RNA that is used to synthesize proteins and makes up part of the ribosome
• The central dogma: states genetic information is used to direct gene expression (creation of proteins) through transcription and translation which are the main reactions of protein synthesis
• degenerate codons: a given amino acid has more than one codon paired to it