Parts is computer

• Hardware: The physical parts of a computer.
• Software: The information that the computer

  processes. Stored on hardware. Loaded into RAM when used.
• Three Classifications of Software: Operating System, Applications, and Data
• Operating System: the

  instructions that run the

  computer (DOS, Windows,

  Mac OS, Linux, …)
• Applications… the programs

  that allow you to do specific

  activities (wp, ss, games, …)
• Data - the information that is

  being processed (documents,

  files, images …)
• Input: The information that is received by the computer from the user. Eg (keyboard, mouse, microphone)
• Storage: the computer save-stores-information or instructions in its memory.
• Processor: The computer interprets and processes the data you input. It manipulates data or text to complete a task you have given it.
• Output: The computer displays or produces information that has been processed. The output might be something you see on the screen, or it might be something you hear.
• peripherals- those components that are attached to the computer through cables or wireless technology
• inside the computer- all the components of the computer system contained inside the computer case
• power supply- brings the electricity to the computer
• motherboard: the main circuit board of the computer to which all components are attached. It contains metal tracks through which electricity flows, electronic devices, and transistors that control the flow of electricity.
• CPU (central processing unit) also called the microprocessor, the CPU is the main computer chip that processes instructions, processes data, and manages the flow of information in the computer.
• internal cache- a memory that is inside the CPU that is the first place the CPU looks to find recently used data or instructions.
• external cache- memory that is external to the CPU and is used for high- speed storage of recently used information.
• expansion slots- sockets in the motherboard into which expansion cards can be added for additional memory or peripheral devices, e.g., sound card, modem, etc.
• hard drive- a disk drive that holds, reads from and writes to the hard disk, which is the memory storage space in the computer. It is used to store software and data files.
• storage devices- spaces in the computer case where disk drives are housed.
• bus: a set of conductor wires that transports data among the components of the computer through an electronic path.
• RAM (random access memory) - saves data temporarily. Once the computer is turned off, any information in RAM is lost unless you saved it to another location (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk).
• ROM (read-only memory)- ROM stores data permanently and does not go away (i.e., instructions needed on start-up). One or more ROM chips are attached to the motherboard.
• Binary code, the fundamental language code that the computer understands, is represented by a series of Os and 1s.
• Computers are machines that only understand two states: OFF and ON. The OFF state is represented by O; the ON state by 1.
• A bit is the short form for binary digit. A bit is the smallest unit of data a computer can use.
• Software is a set of electronic instructions that tell the computer what to do. There are two types of software. Operating systems and Application software.
• operating system- analyzes information that it receives and gives instructions to follow and stores the data. The operating system is also responsible for running software and for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not enter the system.
• Application software: allows users to perform specific tasks on a computer system.
• How is Operating system software different from application software?

  Operating system software controls the overall system, manages computer hardware and provides a platform for running applications, while application software is designed to perform the command a user gives.
• Explain why a particular piece of software will not run on computers

  Different operating systems may have different sets of rules. As a result, software created for one operating system will not always work on another. For example, software created for Windows will not be understood by Mac O/ S.
• Source code - the basic building block of all programs. It is the original instruction in their original form such as C or Java.
• External storage devices: Used to store data until it is needed again. Eg Disks (floppy, hard drives), CD, DVD, Tape, Flash Memory.
• Hardware: inside the computer and peripherals
• What are the four functions/components of a computer?

  Input, output, storage, and processing.