Chapter 8.4: Other Functions of Nucleotides

Cards (18)

  • Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates provides chemical energy.
  • ATP is the most widely used for energy.
  • When coupled to a reaction with a positive free energy change, ATP hydrolysis shifts the equilibrium to favor product formation.
  • Hydrolysis of the ester linkage yields about 14 kJ/mol.
  • Hydrolysis of each anhydride bond yields about 30 kJ/mol
  • CTP hydrolysis can be a source of chemical energy
  • Adenosine does not participate directly in the primary function, but its removal reduced cofactor activities.
  • Nucleotide binding fold is a single protein domain that bonds adenosine.
  • Coenzyme A
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+
  • Flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD
  • Secondary messengers are compounds that are produced inside the cell following the interaction of extracellular chemical signals with receptors.
  • Secondary messengers are often nucleotides, such as adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, or cAMP.
  • ppGpp is produced in bacteria during amino acid starvation to inhibit the synthesis of the rRNA and tRNA molecules.
  • Cyclic AMP, or cAMP
  • Cyclic GMP, or cGMP
  • Guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 3'-diphosphate, guanosine tetraphosphate, or ppGpp
  • ATP and ADP serve as neurotransmitters in a variety of signaling pathways, signals for receptors that mediate pain sensation, or blood clotting signals.