Written Exam Ch. 1 - 14

• biological hazards


  microbes, blood
• chemical hazards


  ehtanol, acids, reagents
• physical hazards


  broken glass, incinerators, hot plates
• biohazardous 


  any waste contaminated with potentially infectious agents, human tissues, blood and fluids, DNA, or transgenic material
• plastic waste disposal


  plastic petri dishes, pipette tips, eppendorf tubes, swabs
• glass waste disposal 


  slides, pasteur pipettes
• discard tube disposal


  used glass test tubes / culture tubes; sterilized and reused
• 1 ml 


  1000 ul
• 1 L 


  1000 ml
• L10 pipette


  0.5 - 10 ul
• L200pipette


  20 - 200 ul
• L1000 pipette


  100 - 1000 ul
• proper labeling

  name/group, medium, bacteria, date, section
• agar


  polysaccharide derived from seaweed with no nutritional value; doesn't melt until 100 C and remains liquid until 45 C
• luria broth


  yeast extract (C,H,O), tryptone (amino acid), and DI water
• autoclave


  15-40 min, 121 C, 15 PSI; used for sterilization
• aseptic technique


  the use of sterile equipment in a non-sterile environment
• physical growth factors


  temp, pH, osmotic pressure, gaseous requirements
• nutritional growth factors


  water, C , N , minerals, organic growth factors
• psychrophiles


  -5 C to 20 C
• mesophiles


  25 C to 37 C
• thermophiles


  45 C +
• liquid media


  used to propagate large numbers of bacteria
• semi-solid media


  0.7% agar
• solid media 


  1.5% agar, used to observe morphology, isolate pure cultures, short-term storage, and observe reactions
• undefined/rich medium


  provides all nutritional components, chemical composition unknown, ex. LB
• defined/minimal medium


  provides only essential nutrients and forces cells to synthesize metabolites, chemical composition known, ex. GMS
• prototrophs


  equipped with all enzymes needed to synthesize cellular building blocks; grow in rich and minimal medium but faster in rich
• auxotrophs


  have one or more mutations in metabolic pathways and need arginine; cannot grow in minimal medium
• binary fission


  DNA replication -> cytokinesis -> two identical daughter cells
• generation time


  (Y)2^Z; y is original number of cells and z is number of reproductive cycles
• escherichia coli


  37 C, rich medium, good aeration, gram negative, gen time of 20 min
• bacterial growth curve


  lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase
• optical density


  measures the absorbance of a medium using a spectrophotometer; OD of 10^8 is 1.0 for e coli
• serial dilution


  a certain volume of stock culture is plated on an LBA plate to generate a countable number of colonies; usually a 10-fold or 100-fold factor
• Cells/mL

  # of colonies / (dilution factor)(amount plated in mL)
• agar plate characteristics

  shape, margin, elevation, consistency, and pigmentation
• agar slant characteristics

  abundance, pigmentation, optical characteristics, form
• tube characteristics

  turbid, pellicle, sediment, flocculent
• pseudomonas aeruginosa

  green/blue pigment, grape-like scent