Purposive com.

• GE3

  Purposive com
• Language is a human capacity that requires a system of rules (grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon) to be considered a language
• Human beings are the only creatures truly capable of producing language
• People can understand each other using language because they belong to the same speech community
• Language acquisition is the process of acquiring languages used by those in the community while growing up
• Languages acquired while growing up are known as mother tongues or first languages
• Language learning is the process of formally studying or informally acquiring languages
• Language change is the result of constant interaction and communication among individuals
• Communication is the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among two or more people
• Context, such as physical setting and value positions, impacts communication
• Verbal and non-verbal communication are two types that should be blended for effective communication
• Visual communication conveys information and messages using visuals
• Communication can be classified according to context: intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational, and intercultural communication
• Intrapersonal communication involves talking to oneself and can be advantageous for practicing speech
• Interpersonal communication involves interactive exchanges between individuals to maintain social relationships or accomplish tasks
• Extended communication involves the use of electronic media
• Organizational communication focuses on communication within organizational contexts and includes formal and informal structures
• Formal structure allows communication through designated channels like downward, upward, horizontal, and crosswise communication
• Informal communication, known as 'grapevine,' occurs through unofficial channels and may involve rumors and baseless gossip
• Intercultural communication occurs between people with different backgrounds and orientations, affecting how messages are communicated and interpreted
• Communication can also be classified according to purpose and style: formal and informal communication
• Formal communication employs formal language for lectures, speeches, reports, and business letters with the main objectives to inform, entertain, and persuade
• Informal communication involves personal conversations with friends, family, or acquaintances using oral or written modes to socialize and enhance relationships
• Communication is a continuous process that is dynamic and ever-changing
• Communication involves variables that affect the whole communication system
• Neglecting any of these variables can lead to communication breakdown
• Basic factors in communication are the speaker (encoder/sender) and the listener (decoder/receiver)
• In an interaction, each person plays dual roles as a sender and receiver of the message
• The message is sent through a channel from the sender to the receiver
• There are different models of communication including the Aristotelian, Lasswell, Shannon-Weaver, Schramm's, and Berlo's models
• Eugene White's model focuses on the eight stages of oral communication
• Principles of effective oral communication:

  • Be clear with your purpose
  • Be complete with the message
  • Be concise
  • Be natural with your delivery
  • Be specific and timely with your feedback
• Principles of effective written communication (The 7Cs):

  • Be clear
  • Be concise
  • Be concrete
  • Be correct
  • Be coherent
  • Be complete
  • Be courteous
• Communication ethics emphasize the influence of morals on behavior and communication
• Communication modes include face-to-face interaction, video, audio, and text-based communication
• Face-to-face interaction is an informal conversation between people to establish or maintain relationships
• Video communication allows people separated by distance to interact effectively
• Electronic applications for video calls include Skype, Viber, WhatsApp, Apple FaceTime, and Facebook Messenger
• Video communication modes include Viber, WhatsApp, Apple FaceTime, and Facebook Messenger
• Video-conferencing is used in formal settings for communication