SPX 15-16

• State is a community of persons numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of external control and having an organized form of government to which a great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience.
• Nation is a culturally homogeneous group of people, larger than a single tribe or community, which shares a common language, institutions, religion, and historical experience.
• STATE

  It is formed by the presence of four elements, namely, people territory, govemment, and sovereignty.
• POWER

  The heart of politics.
• POWER

  The alpha and omega of politics.
• POWER

  The capacity to compel or influence others to alter their behavior or to do what they would not do otherwise.
• POWER

  The ability to get something you want done and make.
• POWER

  Things happen in the way you want whatever the means.
• POWER OVER

  The ability to dominalte another person or group-as in" have power over him.This means, "I have the ability to make him do what I want him to do."
• Power Over usually comes from force and threat. If the subordinate fails to do what he or she is asked to do, the dominant person will use force to make the subordinate person comply.
• "Power to" is the ability to do something on one's own-it refers to one's abilities. Sources of this kind of power are intellect, resources, knowledge, stamina, etc.
• POWER TO These resources give some people the power to accomplish things that others cannot.
• "Power with" is similar to "power to" in that it reflects ability, s the ability to work with others to get something done by cooperation.
• POWER WITH

  This is the power of consensus-the power of people working together to solve a common problem.
• ISSUE THE FIRST FACE (or dimension)

  As proposed by such theorists as Dahl who saw power as a 'relation among people'.
• ISSUE

  In governmental power, this can be seen when the government decides, typically through law-making, that requires obedience by the broader population.
• AGENDA

  The second face, power is not just about making decisions, but also about setting the agenda that leads to decisions.
• AGENDA

  In such contexts, power is held not only by elected officials but also by the whisperers and assistants who set up meetings, shape agendas and write the minutes.
• Manipulation

  It is the third face, this can be seen as similar to the Marxist view of ideological power, where the ability to control what people think of as being 'right' can lead to acceptance of biased decisions without question.
• MANIPULATION

  In governmental power, this appears in propaganda, spin and crafting of speeches that are deliberately designed to change minds before the decision is announced. For example if legislation against trade unions is planned, then a provocative rhetoric of how these unions cause problems may be started some time beforehand.
• Pre-Hispanic Era - 15th century, the system of politics and governance is vested in the Chieftain of the tribe assisted by the council of Elders.
• Spanish Era - from 1521 - 1898, the system of politics and governance is vested in the Friars and assisted by the Governor General for Peace and Order, usually the Friar is more powerful than the Governor General.
• Spanish Era - Abuses of the Friars were recorded because they have almost absolute powers over the native Filipinos who were mostly illiterate.
• American Era - The war officially ended four months later, when the U.S. and Spanish governments signed the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898.
• American Era - Apart from guaranteeing the independence of Cuba, the treaty also forced Spain to cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. Spain also agreed to sell the Philippines to the United States for the sum of $20 million. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899, by a margin of only one vote. Since then, governance is in the hands of American Governor Generals.
• Independent Era - Politics and governance was in question because the Filipino Patriots under Aguilio Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio resist the Spanish and the American authorities as well.
• Independent Era - Emilio Aguinaldo and his team declared the Philippine Independence on June-12, 1898. Aguinaldo was voted asthresident of Revolutionary Government, he was captured and was forced to accept the American rule in the Philippines and Filipinos follow his lead to recognize US authorities.
• Japanese Era - was a short period of time between 1940-1945 wherein the politics and governance were carried out by Filipinos but under the commands of Japanese Imperial Army, the Americans and Filipino guerillas were fighting underground to regain freedom, this was called "Puppet Government headed by Jose P. Laurel" the president of Second Republic.
• Japanese Era

  After the end of war, Japanese surrendered and the Philippines was granted independence on July 4, 1946 when the Manuel Roxas, President for the 3rdt Philippine Republic was inaugurated.