CH15+16

• Infection

  multiplication of a microbe within a host, competing for space and resources.
• Disease


  Happens when an invading microbe affects normal body functions, lowering the overall state of health
• Pathogenicity


  The ability of a microbe to enter the host and cause a disease state
• Virulence


  The relative level of pathogenicity of a microbe
• Morbidity


  The incidence of disease
• A microbe's ability to infect and cause disease is affected by the relationship between it and the immune system.
• exogenous infection


  invasion of environmental microbes into the host
• endogenous infection


  normal flora of body gain access to sterile area, becoming parasitic
• communicable disease


  a disease that can be spread from one host to another
• contagious disease


  a disease that can be EASILY spread from one host to another
• nosocomial


  disease acquired from a health setting
• noncommunicable disease


  a disease not transmitted from one host to another
• acute disease


  a disease in which symptoms develop rapidly, running its course quickly
• chronic disease


  a disease with mild symptoms which develops slowly and lasts long
• subacute disease


  a disease with time course and symptoms between acute and chronic
• asymptomatic disease


  a disease without any symptoms
• latent disease


  a disease that appears long after infection
• local infection


  infection confined to a small area of the body
• systemic infection


  widespread infection in systems of the body, typically travels by blood or lymph
• focal infection


  infection that serves as a pathogen source for infections in other parts of the body
• primary infection 


  initial infection in a patient
• secondary infection


  infection that follows primary infection, typically opportunistic
• Hereditary disease


  disease caused by an error in genetic code given my parents
• congenital disease


  anatomical or physiological defects at birth, typically by drugs, x-ray exposure, or infection
• degenerative disease


  disease caused by aging
• nutritional disease


  disease from lack of nutrients in diet
• endocrine disease


  disease by excess or deficiency of hormones
• mental disease


  an emotional or psychosomatic disease
• immunological disease


  disease cause by hyperactive or hypoactive immunity
• neoplastic immunity


  disease caused by abnormal cell growth
• iatrogenic disease


  a disease caused by medical treatment or procedures
• idiopathic disease


  a disease with an unknown cause
• Direct transmission of disease


  person to person, like coronavirus
• indirect transmission of disease


  from fomites (inanimate objects) to person
• vehicle transmission of disease


  from air, water, food, fluids outside the body to person
• biological vector transmission of disease


  where an animal serves as an intermediate host
• mechanical vector transmission of disease


  where an animal isn't a host but carries pathogens
• Reservoirs are sources of disease organisms, and can exist through carriers, animals, water, and soil
• Animal reservoirs


  disease sourced from animals; can cause zoonosis in humans (infection from animal)
• carrier reservoirs


  organisms recovered from infection but can continue to shed pathogens, and can be asymptomatic