hdfs 2000 vocab

• The study of ancestry and family history?

  Genealogy
• A group of related people bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional?

  family
• The people to whom we feel related, and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well?

  Personal family
• A group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption?

  Legal family
• A social space in which relations between people in common positions are governed by accepted rules of interaction?

  Institutional arena
• There are three types of institutional arenas applicable to the discussion of family: the family, the state, and the market.
• The institutional arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing and socialization, and caring work?

  family arena
• The institutional arena where, through political means, behavior is legally regulated, violence is controlled, and resources are redistributed?


  state
• The institutional arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place?

  market
• A periodic count of people in a population and their characteristics, usually performed as an official government function?

  Census
• In 1870, household was defined as a group of people that lives and eats separately from other groups. The census uses the family definition previously mentioned, but with one qualification: a family lives together in one household.
• A perspective that projects an image of society as the collective expression of shared norms and values?

  Consensus perspective
• The dominant sociological consensus theory is structural functionalism
• One key concept of structural functionalism is the breadwinner-homemaker family.
• The breadwinner-homemaker family: an employed father, a nonemployed mother, and their children
• The view that opposition and conflict define a given society and are necessary for social evolution?

  Conflict perspective
• A theory that seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women; falls under the conflict perspective?

  Feminist theory
• Three important contributions of feminism tofamily theories:• Gender inequality is central to family life.• Family structure is socially constructed.• Gender theory perspectives are not all the same.
• The process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure in their own personalities?


  Socialization
• The theory that individuals or groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses, enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains?

  Exchange theory
• A theory concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based on others’ expectations?


  Symbolic interactionism
• A theory of the historical emergence of the individual as an actor in society and how individuality changed personal and institutional relations?

  Modernity theory
• Modernity theorists identify two periods of the modern era: first modernity and second modernity.
• First modernity lasted up to the 1960s. • It was marked by gradual, incremental changes in family behavior.• Society still maintained the concept of the “normal” family as a social standard.• Family diversity existed but was not as acceptable as it is now.
• Second modernity has been in effectsince the 1970s.• The focus is on the person as anindividual, not as a member of a familyor kinship group.• Diversity and individuality are the new“norm.”• All this freedom can contribute togreater isolation and lack of direction,but it can also create the possibility forgreater intimacy and fulfillment.
• The study of how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes?

  Demographic perspective
• The study of the family trajectories of individuals and groups as they progress through their lives, in social and historical context?

  Life course perspective
• A group of people who experience an event together at the same point in time?

  Cohort
• The amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without having them work for pay?

  Family wage
• Some difficulties in studying familythrough a sociological lens:• To understand the core facts requiresknowledge of the context in which thosefacts occur.• There can be many problems in tellingthe difference between correlation andcause.• There is also the possibility of bias
• The tendency to impose previously held views on the collection and interpretation of facts?

  Bias
• A research method in which identical questions are asked of many different people and their answers are gathered into one large data file?

  Sample survey
• A research method in which the same people are interviewed repeatedly over time?

  Longitudinal survey
• Surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week?

  Time use studies
• Recent changes in family life must be understood in relation to four historical trends: •People today live much longer than in the past. •People today have fewer children than in the past. •Family members perform fewer functional tasks at home. Families have become more diverse in recent decades.
• A married, monogamous couple living with their own (usually biological) children and no extended family members?

  nuclear family
• the marriage of one person to one other person?

  monogamy (most societies today)
• a marriage in which one person has several spouses?

  polygamy (less common now but prevalent in human history)
• The system of men’s control over property and fathers’ authority over all family members?


  Patriarchy
• One trait that set some American Indian groups apart from Europeans was their tradition of matrilineal descent, a family system in which wealth and power are transmitted from mothers to daughters.