DBMS 1,2

• Database management system (DBMS) is an integrated software package used to create and manage databases.
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• DBMS (Database Management System) is crucial for exams like GATE, UGC NET, and other competitive exams
• DBMS is essential for B.Tech and BCA students, as it is an emerging and important subject
• Top companies like Facebook, Google, and Amazon rely on databases for their operations, making DBMS knowledge vital for interviews
• Database System consists of two main components: database and DBMS
• DBMS allows users to perform operations like insertion, deletion, and updating of data in the database
• A database is a collection of related data, such as the information stored by Indian Railways or IRCTC
• Structured data can be stored in a particular shape or structure, like in tables
• Structured data is stored in tables, which are relations in terms of databases
• Various companies have developed different DBMS, such as Microsoft's SQL Server, Oracle's versions, MySQL, and IBM's DB2
• RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) is a system that manages structured data in tables
• Unstructured data, like photos and videos, lacks a specific structure for storage and is not the focus of RDBMS
• While unstructured data is prevalent, RDBMS primarily deals with structured data stored in tables
• File system was used before DBMS
• File system


  Users save data in the form of files, create drives, folders and sub-folders to store data in a hierarchical form
• DBMS


  Used in client-server architecture where data is stored centrally and accessed by users all over the world
• When using file system

  Users get the entire file even if they only need a small amount of data, leading to inefficient memory usage and slow searching
• When using DBMS


  Users can write a simple SQL query to retrieve only the required data, leading to faster searching and efficient memory usage
• File system


  • Requires attributes like file name, location, permissions to access data
  • Users need to know the metadata about the file first
• DBMS


  • Does not require any attributes to access data
  • Users can access data independently without knowing where it is stored
• Concurrency


  Multiple users accessing data at the same time
• File system does not have proper protocols to handle concurrency, leading to data inconsistency
• DBMS has protocols to handle different concurrency scenarios like read-read, read-write, write-read, write-write
• Security


  Controlling access to data based on user roles and permissions
• File system does not provide role-based hierarchical security, everyone has the same access
• DBMS provides role-based access control, where different users have access to different data based on their roles
• Data redundancy


  Storing the same data multiple times
• File system does not have constraints to prevent data redundancy, users can store the same data with different file names
• DBMS has constraints like primary keys and foreign keys to ensure data integrity and prevent redundancy
• Modern client-server architectures and web applications use DBMS at the backend to handle data storage and retrieval
• File system was used before DBMS
• File system


  Users save data in the form of files, create drives, folders and sub-folders to store data in a hierarchical form
• Why use DBMS when file system is running properly


  Client-server architecture - data is at a centralized location and accessed by users all over the world
• Searching data in file system vs DBMS

  • File system - user gets the entire file even if they need only 1KB of data, DBMS - user can write a SQL query to get only the required 1KB of data
• Accessing data in file system vs DBMS

  • File system - user needs file name, location, permissions (metadata) to access data, DBMS - user does not need any attributes, just writes a query to access data
• Concurrency in file system vs DBMS

  • File system - no protocols for concurrent access, can lead to data inconsistency, DBMS - has protocols to handle concurrent read-read, read-write, write-read, write-write operations
• Security in file system vs DBMS

  • File system - no hierarchical, role-based security, DBMS - provides role-based access control, users can only access data based on their assigned roles
• Data redundancy in file system vs DBMS

  • File system - can have multiple files with same content but different names, DBMS - has constraints like primary key, foreign key to ensure data integrity and avoid redundancy
• Client-server architectures and web applications use DBMS at the backend to handle data, requests and responses