Coal and petroleum

• Coal is formed over millions of years through the gradual accumulation and compression of plant materials.
• Lignite has low energy density but high moisture content, while bituminous has higher energy density and lower moisture content than lignite.
• The process of forming oil involves the breakdown of organic matter by microbes and bacteria, followed by burial and compaction under layers of rock.
• Petroleum is formed from the remains of marine organisms that died and were buried under sedimentary rocks.
• There are three main types of coal based on their carbon content: lignite (brown), bituminous (black), and anthracite (hard).
• The process involves the conversion of dead plants into peat, which then undergoes metamorphism to form coal.
• There are three main types of coal: lignite (brown), bituminous (black), and anthracite (hard).
• As additional sediment accumulates over time, the plant material becomes buried deeper and deeper, transforming into coal under high pressure and temperature.
• The process of coal formation involves the compression and heating of organic matter over millions of years.
• Shallow lakes and swamps at the time of formation provide the ideal conditions for formation of coal deposits.
• Coal is formed from the accumulation of plant material, such as leaves or tree trunks.
• Surface mining or open-pit mining is used to extract fossil fuels when they are found near the surface.
• Oil can be found in sedimentary rocks such as sandstone or limestone, often associated with other fossils like dinosaur bones.
• Oil shale contains kerogen, which can be converted into crude oil when heated to high temperatures.
• Peat is formed when partially decayed vegetation becomes compacted and preserved due to lack of oxygen.
• Oil shale is a type of sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which can be converted into crude oil when heated to high temperatures.
• Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons that are extracted from underground reservoirs using drilling techniques.
• Crude oil is extracted using drilling techniques and refined into various products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, lubricating oils, waxes, and plastics.
• Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH4) and is also found in underground reservoirs alongside crude oil.
• Coal formation occurs through the accumulation of plant debris in swamps or bogs over millions of years.
• Coal formation occurs when large amounts of vegetation die and become trapped in swamps or bogs, where they decompose slowly due to low oxygen levels.
• Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH4) and is often found alongside coal deposits or associated with oil reservoirs.
• Crude oil is extracted from underground reservoirs using drilling techniques.
• Bituminous coal contains more carbon and less water compared to lignite.