atoms and the periodic table

• Atoms are neutral, meaning they have equal numbers of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons).
• a compound is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combines in a specific ratio or proportion
• a valence electron is the electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical bonding
• reactivity is the ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds
• malleable is a term used to describe material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets
• ductile is a term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire
• luster is the way a mineral reflects light from its surface
• semiconductor is a substance that can conduct electric current under some conditions
• interpretation is an explanation that is based on information based on information or data given in a chart, table, graph, or other medium
• to transfer is to move from one person, place, or object to another without changing form
• what is the goal of each element?


  to be stable
• what are the magic number associated with becoming stable?


  8 and 0
• how does the element get stable?


  By achieving a full outer electron ring through gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
• why do we only care about valence electrons?


  Valence electrons are the electrons that are only in the outermost energy level. Therefore, it indicates how reactive or stable an element is. The inner energy levels are already stable and therefore will not react, hence why we don't worry about them
• what is the difference between an electron dot diagram and a Bohr-model diagram?

  Electron dot diagrams only show electrons in the outermost energy level. Whereas Bohr-model diagrams show all electrons and energy levels.
• what are the four trends we've learned about in regards to layout of the periodic table?

  the periodic table is ordered in terms of increasing atomic number

  the group number tells us the number of valence electrons

  the period number tells us how many energy levels an element in that period will have

  the number of elements in a particular row tell us the maximum number of electrons that can fit in that given energy level
• give 3-4 properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

  1. metals- shiny luster, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity
  2. nonmetals- dull, poor conductors, brittle, most gas at room temp
  3. metalloids- solid at room temp, brittle, hard, somewhat reactive good conductors of electricity
• how to draw a Bohr model diagram

  1. draw the nucleus with the element name inside
  2. draw in the number of shells but remember the innermost energy level can hold a maximum of two electrons and the second and third energy levels can hold a maximum of eight
  3. draw in the number of valence electrons
• an atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
• an electron is a tiny, negatively-charged particle that moves around the outside of the nucleus of an atom
• a nucleus is the central core of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons
• a proton is a small, positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom
• a neutron is a small particle in the nucleus of an atom, with no electrical charge
• atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• an isotope is an atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element
• mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
• theory is an idea that has been studied and investigates and is supported
• list all four main ideas of atomic theory

  1. all elements consist of atoms that cannot be divided
  2. all atoms of the same element are exactly alike and have the same mass. Atoms of different elements are different and have different masses
  3. an atom of one element cannot be changed into an atom of a different element by chemical reaction
  4. compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine in a specific ratio
• list the three subatomic particles and tell their charge

  proton- positive, electron- negative, neutron- no charge
• what is the center of an atom called?

  nucleus
• Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?

  Protons and neutrons
• what is the overall charge of the nucleus?

  positive charge
• what two things does the number of protons tell you about an atom?

  1. its atomic number
  2. what element it is
• what does the atomic mass tell you?

  the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
• what is the name for the place where electrons are found?

  electron cloud
• what is the overall charge of an atom

  neutral
• what does the overall charge of an atom tell about the subatomic particles?

  this tells us that the number of protons and electrons has to be equal
• atomic mass is the average mass of all isotopes of an element
• periodic table is an arrangement of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
• chemical symbol is a one or two letter abbreviation for an element