understanding the self

• Plato is the founder of western spirituality
• Academy in athens is the first institution of higher learning in western world
• Plato stated that the psyche or mind has three

  elements:

  The Appetite - pleasure desires

  The Spirited- the mostly agitated part

  The Mind- conscious awareness
• Kant was born in Prussia and he was a great

  contributor in modern western philosophy.
• Kant was known for his theory

  'Respect for Self'
• The Inner Self- the intellect and the

  psychological being;

  'Soul'
• The Outer Self- the senses and the

  physical self; the body
• Socrates is A classical Greek philosopher and a pioneer in Western

  moral philosophy.
• Socratic Method:

  "An unexamined life is not worth living."
• Virtue- refers to the deepest and most basic

  propensity of man.
• Self-Knowledge- is the source of all wisdom.
• Socratic

  Problem/ Socratic Question which seeks to to

  "Know

  Thyself".
• Rene Descartes is The father of Modern Western Philosophy.

  He was a French scientific thinker,

  mathematician and philosopher who

  developed the Cartesian philosophy.
• Cartesian Philosophy holds that mental

  acts determine physical acts.
• Famous Principle of Descartes:

  "Cogito , ergo sum "which means "I think, therefore I am.
• John Locke was a prominent thinker during the

  "Age of Reason
• John Locke is an english philosopher and a physician

  and is remarkably known as the "Father of Liberalism "as he had posited the Theory of Mind.
• Locke developed the concept of 'Tabula

  Rasa' which means mind is a blank slate.
• Personal Identity - refers to the concept

  about oneself that evolves over the course of

  an individual's life.
• Personal identity is founded on

  consciousness (memory) and not on the

  substance of either the soul or the body.
• David Hume is A prime mover in Western Philosophy

  He is a Scottish philosopher from Edinburgh, known for

  his insights on the psychological basis of human

  nature.
• Reason is only the slave of passion.
• The theory of david is The Self is the Bundle Theory of Mind
• Gilbert Ryle is a british philosopher who coined the phrase "the ghost in the machine"
• "The concept of mind" by ryle explains how mental states are inseperable from physical states
• Paul Montgomery Churchland is from vancouver Canada who argued that nothing but matter exists
• " nothing but matter exists" also known as materialism
• thalamus is involved in functioning of human conciousness
• Maurice Merleau Ponty wrote "Phenomenologie de la Perception"
• " The primacy of perception" is the body is central to one's perception
• Consciousness is primarily not matter of ' I think' that but of 'I can'
• Saint Augustine of Hippo was a Christian Philosopher

  who have greatly contributed to the progress of

  Western Christianity.
• Dynamism of Love:

  Virtuous Life and Wicked Life
• Virtuous Life - constant following of and turning

  towards love.
• Wicked Life- Constant turning away from love.
• Justice:

  Golden Principle: Do unto others as you would

  have them do unto you.
• Two-Fold Process: Concept of Self-Representation

  leading to Self-Realization.
• Formation of identity is achieved through the process

  of 'Instrospection' or Self-Analysis.
• Johari Window Model is developed by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham.
• OPEN

  How one sees the self is similar

  to that perceived by the

  significant others.

  The Public Self