Integrated science

• Ways of reducing friction: Making surfaces smoother, lubrication, making objects more streamlined, reducing the contact between surfaces, using wheels
• Functions of carbon dioxide: used as a refrigerant, in fire extinguisher, food preservation, promoting the growth of plants
• A molecule is a  Group of atoms
• Properties of gases: They don't have a definite shape, they have indefinite volume, they are compressible, they can flow
• The function of the ureter is to transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
• Substances that undergo temporary change: Water, cooking fats, candle
• Copper 2 nitrate is blue in color
• Nitrogen (iv) oxide is brown in color
• The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number.
• The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called the mass number.
• The number of protons and electrons in an element are equal.
• Characteristics of physical changes: substances remain the same, usually reversible
• The cell is the basic unit of an organism
• Organisms that have one cell are called unicellular
• Organisms with more than one cells are multicellular
• The pipes that transport blood in the body are called blood vessels
• Osmosis is the process by which water moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semi permeable membrane
• Preparation of oxygen: Oxygen is prepared upon heating of hydrogen peroxide, It changes into oxygen and water. Magnesium (iv) oxide is used as a catalyst. In order to test if this was successful try to relight a glowing split with it
• Characteristics of temporary change: They are reversible, no new substances formed, no change in mass
• Uses of change in matter: Refrigeration, fog formation, used by ice cream vendors, forming of ice, air conditioning
• Physical properties of oxygen : Oxygen is a colorless gas, oxygen is neutral, oxygen is slightly soluble in water, oxygen can relight a glowing splint
• A temporary slide is what is placed on top of a specimen on stage
• If an atom gains or loses electrons that becomes an ion
• Isotopes are chemical elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
• A physical change is a change that occurs without the formation of a new substance.
• Factors affecting diffusion: Thickness of the cell membrane, size of particles, concentration gradient, state of particles, temperature
• Role of osmosis is living things: Gaseous exchange in animals, helps in reabsorption of water into the kidney
• Gases are compressible while solids are not this is because the spaces between their particles are large and therefore can move closer
• Substances that undergo temporary chemical change: copper II Sulphate crystals, cobalt II chloride crystals, silver chloride crystals.
• The Latin name for mercury is hydragyurum
• The Latin name for copper is cuprum
• The Latin name for iron is ferrum
• The Latin name for lead is plumbum and it's chemical symbol is Pb
• The Latin name for gold is aurum.
• The Latin name for silver is argentum and it's chemical symbol Ag
• The Latin name for sodium is Natrium
• The chemical symbol for sodium chloride is Nacl
• The number of protons and electrons in an atom are equal
• A deflating spoon is used to hold a magnesium ribbon while heating
• Isotonic is two solution of equal concentration