China rural-urban migration

• What is a primary cause of rural to urban migration in China?

  Better employment opportunities
• How much do rural areas earn compared to cities in China?

  40% of what people earn in cities
• What economic shift has occurred in China contributing to migration?

  Switch from farming to manufacturing
• What percentage of the world's clothes does China produce?

  43%
• Why are people needed to move into cities in China?

  To work in factories
• How much do farmers in Sichuan survive on daily?

  Less than $2 a day
• What is the wage comparison between rural and urban areas?

  Wages are much higher in cities
• How many traditional villages disappeared due to migration?

  900,000 villages
• What cultural impact has rural to urban migration had?

  Loss of traditional Chinese culture
• What was the population reduction in Meijing?

  From 140 to 4
• What is brain drain in the context of rural migration?

  Educated sector leaves villages
• Who is often left behind in rural areas due to migration?

  Elderly and children
• What percentage of rural income comes from remittances?

  18%
• What action might the government take regarding rural residents?

  Force them to relocate
• What percentage of economic growth did migration contribute to between 2001 and 2010?

  20%
• What is a hukou?

  Residential status for citizens
• What issue do ⅓ of Beijing's children face?

  Cannot access free education
• What has happened to the population in Shenzhen since 1978?

  Increased from 48,000 to over 12 million
• What pressure does urban migration create?

  Resource pressure in cities
• What does hukou translate to?

  Household residential system
• How many rural to urban migrants are there in China?

  160 million migrants
• What is a consequence of rising land and labor costs?

  Government directs industrial development
• What is the government's plan for rural to urban migration in the next 20 years?

  Move 250 million from rural to urban
• What percentage of China's population is expected to live in cities?

  70%
• How does employment for farmers affect the economy?

  Increases consumption and the economy
• How many people are projected to live in cities by 2030?

  1 billion people
• What challenges do migrants face in urban areas?

  Struggle with poor living standards
• Where do many migrant communities reside?

  On the outskirts of cities
• What is the living condition of migrant communities?

  Dirty and unhygienic living standards
• What educational challenges do migrants face?

  Rely on local NGOs for education
• What type of jobs do migrants often have?

  Strenuous and dangerous jobs
• What legal protections do migrants lack?

  Same protections as urban residents
• What educational issues do migrant children face?

  Poor education and bare-bones facilities
• What is a common issue among migrant students?

  High student turnover
• What problem do migrant children face regarding teachers?

  Incompetent teachers