Irritability

• What is the term for the ability to detect and react to stimuli?

  Irritability
• What is a stimulus?

  A change in the environment that elicits a response
• What is a response in biological terms?

  The reaction carried out by an organism
• What are receptors?

  Cells that detect stimuli
• What is an effector?

  Structures that carry out responses
• What are the types of tropism in plants?

  • Phototropism: response to light
  • Geotropism: response to gravity
  • Thigmotropism: response to touch
• How do plants respond to light?

  Stems grow towards light, roots away
• What is geotropism?

  The response of plants to gravity
• What is thigmotropism?

  The response of plants to touch
• How do invertebrates respond to stimuli?

  • Moisture: move towards or away
  • Light: move to darker areas
  • Temperature: react to extreme heat or cold
• What are the five senses in humans?

  Sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste
• What causes myopia?

  Long eyeballs or overly curved lens
• What is the corrective lens for myopia?

  Concave or diverging lens
• What causes hyperopia?

  Short eyeballs or too narrow lens
• What is the corrective lens for hyperopia?

  Convex or converging lens
• What is cataract?

  Clouding of the lens in the eye
• What causes glaucoma?

  High pressure on the eye over time
• What are the layers of the skin?

  • Epidermis: outer layer
  • Dermis: middle layer
  • Hypodermis: inner layer
• What is thermoregulation?

  Maintaining a constant body temperature
• What happens when the body is too cold?

  Hair stands up to trap warm air
• What is vasoconstriction?

  Capillaries narrow to conserve heat
• What is vasodilation?

  Capillaries widen to release heat
• What is the role of shivering?

  Muscles contract to generate heat
• What is the role of sweating?

  Releases heat through evaporation