R&W-M2

• One of the hardest steps in the writing process involves the selection and organization of information that you would want or need to include in the text.
• Brainstorming - one of the most effective ways of collecting information.
• When you brainstorm, you gather thoughts and write down specific topics.
• Brainstorming is usually done in a group where all your members can freely contribute in generating ideas.
• Brainstorming - it can also be done individually where a writer explores and develops ideas about a certain topic.
• The end-product of brainstorming is a list of possible topics that you may consider in developing your text.
• Graphic organizer - visual and structured representation of ideas and concepts that you wish to include in the written text.
• Graphic organizers can help you arrange your ideas logically through the use of pictures, charts, maps, and diagrams.
• Graphic organizers allow you to see the relationship between and among topics and subtopics.
• On the part of readers, graphic organizers provide an idea on how the written text is organized.
• Concept map - is a diagram that shows relationship between and among ideas or concepts.
• Cluster map - is a diagram of how ideas can be grouped according to certain criteria or similarities.
• Fishbone map - is a diagram that shows cause-and-effect relationship.
• Venn diagram - is an illustration that uses circles to show the similarities and differences of ideas or concepts.
• The overlapping portion in the middle shows you the similarities or the common characteristics between the two ideas being compared.
• KWLH chart - can help you reflect on your own learning experience.
• Venn Diagram - It allows you to compare and contrast ideas.
• KWLH is an acronym for what you already know, what you want to know, and what you learn in real time, and how more learning can happen.
• Flow chart - is a diagram that shows you the steps involved in a process.
• Cycle diagram - illustrates the steps involved in a continuous or repeated series of events.
• Timeline - is a visual representation of events.
• Plot diagram - is a representation of the plot of a story and is also used to show the relationships between ideas.
• Plot diagram - It is a useful tool to show the sequence of events in a story.
• Plot diagram - It is often used in literature to analyze the plot of a story.
• Timeline - It allows you to see the chronological sequence of significant events as they occur over a period of time.
• Kwlh chart - It is a useful tool to arrange ideas before, during, and after a lesson.
• Fishbone map - It helps readers identify the causes and determine the specific details of each cause that leads to an effect.
• Cluster map - It allows you to divide a central idea into more specific ideas as the map expands.
• Concept map - It can help you brainstorm and think about subtopics based on a central topic.
• Outline - is a framework or plan that helps writers arrange ideas and concepts according to hierarchy, importance, or chronology.
• Outline appears like a list divided into headings and subheadings to present major and minor ideas.
• Outline - is also useful for readers as it reveals how a text is organized.
• An outline may be presented using alphanumeric or the decimal numbering format.
• alphanumeric - traditional
• decimal - modern
• Alphanumeric format - combines roman numbers and letters in labeling the headings and subheadings in the outline.
• Decimal format - often used in preparing long and complex written texts such as theses and dissertations.
• Decimal format - uses arabic numbers to label the headings and subheadings.
• two kinds of outline: topic and sentence outline
• Topic outline - uses a word or a phrase as its heading.