PE Theory paper 2

• What is a motor skill


  A learned ability to use movement to bring about the result you want
• What is an open skill

  It is a skill performed in a changing environment where a performer has to react and adapt to external factors such as a football tackle
• what is a closed skill


  always performed in the same predicted environment so isn't affected by external factors such as throwing a dart
• what is a simple skill


  is one that doesn't need much concentration such as running
• what is a complex skill


  is one that needs lots of concentration or information processing such as a serve in tennis
• what is predetermined


  with any skill you always have a predetermined result in mind so you know what you want to do before you start. Such as a specific pass in hockey
• what is efficiency


  a skilled movement should be efficient and use the minimum amount of energy/time. Such as a swimming technique can help you swim faster and for longer
• what is coordinated


  skilled movements are coordinated and use two or more parts of the body to get the maximum effect. Such as a vault in gymnastics
• What is fluent


  A skilled athlete is able to flow confidentially from one skilled movement to another such as a punch combination in Boxing
• what is aesthetic


  skilled movements are controlled and look good such as in gymnastics you are judged by your appearance of movements
• Why do people use goal setting

  It helps you stick to your training programme, gives you something to aim for and give you motivation, it helps to improve your performance
• S- specific 


  exactly what you want to achieve. (My goal is to swim 1000m continuously)
• M-measurable


  Goals need to be measurable (my goal is to run 100m in under 12 seconds)
• A-achievable


  Targets need to be set at right level of difficulty
• R-recorded

  Set targets that you can keep track off by keeping a log of your progress
• T-timed

  Set a deadline for reaching your goal, need a time limit to make sure its measurable
• What is imagery

  Used to imagine something that relaxes you or imagine success to increase confidence. It can block out distractions. Such as a football player imagining lifting a trophy.
• What is selective attention

  Focusing on important things that help you perform well. Such as a rugby player blocking out noise while kicking a conversion
• What is positive thinking

  Telling yourself positive things that will motivate you. Such as a marathon runner thinking about all of the training they have done
• What is mental rehearsal 


  imagining the feeling in the muscles when perfectly performing a skill. Such as a diver going over the sequences of movements for their dive in their head
• Visual guidance


  Advantages-works well for beginners and can be broken down into steps. Disadvantages-less useful for complex skills
• Verbal guidance


  Advantages-can be combined with other types of guidance, helpful for experienced performers, important for open skills. Disadvantages- it is difficult for explaining difficult skills, could be confusing for a beginner
• Manual guidance

  Advantages- you can get the feel of the skill, works well for all skill levels. Disadvantages-Difficult in large groups, performer could start to rely on it
• Mechanical guidance

  Advantages- Useful for teaching beginners, helpful for teaching complex skills. Disadvantages-difficult in large groups, may become reliant on it
• What is intrinsic feedback


  You know how well you did the technique because of what it felt like. Such as a gymnast may feel like they are off balance whilst doing a beam routine
• Extrinsic feedback


  Someone else shows or tells her what happened and how to improve. This is suited for beginners. Such as a football player can hear feedback from the coach
• What is the knowledge of performance


  This can be either intrinsic or extrinsic, works well for experienced performers. Such as a diver may feel their routine went smoothly
• Knowledge of results


  This is always extrinsic, and can include data. This is useful for inexperienced performers. Such as a long jumper being told the distance they travelled
• Positive feedback


  Focuses on what you did well, this is better for beginners
• Negative feedback


  focuses on what you didn't do well and could improve. This is useful for experienced performers as they can use it to improve their skill
• What is health

  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• What is well being

  Well-being is the state of feeling content happy and healthy
• What is fitness

  Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment
• what are the physical benefits of exercise

  Prevents high blood pressure, reduces risk of CHD, increases bone density, prevents obesity, reduces risk of type 2 diabetes, makes joints more flexible, improves components of fitness
• Emotional benefits of exercise

  Improves confidence and self esteem, improves body image, and improves stress management.
• Social benefits of exercise


  Combats loneliness, feeling of belonging to a group, and allows you to make friends
• what is a sedentary lifestyle


  Is where irregular or no physical activity takes place
• What are the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle


  Low confidence, poor body image, depression/anxiety, bone density loss, poor posture, poor social health and chance of obesity
• what is a balanced diet


  contains the best ratio of nutrients to match lifestyle
• Fats


  Made from fatty acids, provide energy for low intensity exercise, keeps body warm and protects organs. Too many saturated fats can cause obesity