prac research 1

• research follows a step-by-step process of investigation that uses a standardized approach in answering questions or solving problems(polit and beck, 2004)
• research aims to answer a question or solve an issue(palispis,2004)
• research is a continuous undertaking of making known the unknown(sanchez 2002)
• Research is an investigation following ordered steps leading to a discovery of new information or concepts(Sanche,1999)
• research is a very careful investigation of something that purports the contribution of additional or new knowledge and wisdom
• Reserch is a tested approach of thinking and employing validated instruments and steps in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means (crawford, as cited by alcantara & espina,1995)
• research should be systematic
• research should be objected
• research should be feasible
• research should be empirical
• plagiarism constitutes claiming another persons idea or intellectual property as ones own
• reserach should be clear
• The research paradigm is an outline that guides the researcher in conceptualizing and conducting the research
• The research paradigm must address:

  • Research Foundations
  • Research Methodology
• Research Foundations include:

  • Research problem, purpose, specific questions to be addressed, and the conceptual framework to be applied
• Research problem requires describing undesirable situations related to the problem and the needed knowledge or information to solve it
• Purpose describes how the study will fill the knowledge gap
• Research questions may be framed in a quantitative (how much, how often, to what extent) or qualitative (what, why, how) manner
• Conceptual Framework is an outline or paradigm that presents the topics to be studied, the various variables and contexts, and how these relate to or influence each other
• Review of literature:

  • Analyzes the existing knowledge regarding the research topic
• Research Approach and Design:

  • Identifies the best means to collect and analyze the data in the study
• Data Collection:

  • Gives the methods to determine who will be the participants in the study
  • Explains how the variables will be measured
  • Describes how data will be documented or collected
• Data Analysis:

  • Consists of the strategies and methods that make sense of the data to answer the research problem and questions
• Conclusion:

  • Summarizes the key results of the study
  • Discusses how these results are relevant to the research problem
  • Addresses the hypothesis and determines if they are accepted or rejected
• Chapter 1- The Problem and Its Background 

  1. Introduction 
  2. Statement of the Problem 
  3. Scope and Delimitation 
  4. Significance of the Study 
• Chapter 2- Theoretical Framework 

  1. Review of Related Literature 
  2. Review of Related Studies 
  3. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework 
  4. Hypothesis of the Study 
  5. Assumptions of the Study 
  6. Definition of Terms 
• hapter 3- Research Methodology 

  1. Research Design 
  2. Respondents of the Study 
  3. Instrument of the Study 
  4. Validity and Reliability 
  5. Statistical Treatment 
• Chapter 4- Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data 

  1. Presentation of Data 
  2. Analysis 
  3. Interpretation 
  4. Discussion 
• Chapter 5- Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 

  1. Summary of Findings 
  2. Conclusion 
  3. Recommendation 
• According to Nieswiadomy (2005), the researcher serves different roles in the study. These are as follows: 

  1. As principal investigator 
  2. As member of a research team 
  3. As identifier of researchable problems 
  4. As evaluator of research findings 
  5. As user of research findings 
  6. As patient or client advocate during study 
  7. As subject/respondent/participant 
• Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in any field or discipline
• Research is undertaken for the continuous development and further productivity in any field
• Research helps develop tools for assessing the effectiveness of any practice and operations such as psychological test, IQ test etc
• Research provides solutions to problems concerning almost all issues encountered in the different areas of work
• Research impacts decision-making
• Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the educational aspects of any discipline
• Research aims to advance the personal and professional qualifications of a practitioner
• oals of Conducting a Research 

  1. To produce evidence-based practice 
  2. To establish credibility in the profession 
  3. To observe accountability for the profession 
  4. To promote cost-effectiveness through documentation.