Experimental method

• What is the purpose of the experimental method?

  To manipulate an independent variable and measure effects
• What is the aim of a psychological investigation?

  To describe the purpose of the study
• What is a hypothesis?

  A testable statement about variable relationships
• What distinguishes a directional hypothesis from a non-directional hypothesis?

  Directional specifies the expected difference; non-directional does not
• Why is it important to keep other variables constant in an experiment?

  To ensure changes in the DV are due to the IV
• How can a hypothesis be improved for clarity in an experiment?

  By operationalising the variables for measurement
• What is operationalisation in research?

  • Clearly defining variables
  • Making them measurable
  • Ensuring clarity in hypotheses
• What is the significance of a well-written hypothesis?

  It clarifies the IV and DV relationships
• Why might researchers choose a non-directional hypothesis?

  When previous research is contradictory or absent
• What are the key terms related to the experimental method?

  • Experimental method: Manipulation of IV to measure DV
  • Aim: Purpose of the study
  • Hypothesis: Testable statement of variable relationships
  • Directional hypothesis: States expected difference
  • Non-directional hypothesis: States difference without direction
  • Variables: Things that can vary in an investigation
  • Independent variable (IV): Manipulated aspect
  • Dependent variable (DV): Measured outcome
  • Operationalisation: Defining variables for measurement