Photosynthesis

• Global agricultural production increased by about 18% between 2000 and 2020 according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• Average crop yields have significantly increased in recent decades, with global cereal yields tripling from around 1 ton per hectare to 3 tons per hectare between 1961 and 2019
• Global meat production has risen from around 100 million tons in 1961 to over 350 million tons in 2020, driven by increasing demand for meat in developing countries, particularly in Asia
• Agriculture uses around 50% of the world's habitable land globally, with most new agricultural land coming from deforestation
• Agriculture is the largest user of freshwater globally, accounting for around 70% of all freshwater withdrawals
• Interest in sustainable agricultural practices is increasing, with the area under conservation agriculture increasing by 20% globally between 2012 and 2017
• Modern Agriculture features a dynamic society that welcomes innovation and change, is highly competitive and productive due to modern technology, and is manned by an enterprising farmer who chooses technology, crops, and markets strategically
• Components of Agriculture Development include production, marketing, supply, governance, research, and extension/education
• The Four Functions of University are instruction, research, extension, and production
• Extension is an educational process offered to rural communities to improve their well-being, integrating knowledge and skills to achieve behavioral changes for income generation
• Differences between formal education and extension include nature, purpose, audience/group served, venue/place, and participation
• Extension in selected countries includes Voorlichting in the Netherlands, Beratung Aufklarung Erziehung in Germany, and furthering or stimulating in Austria
• Types of Extension include non-agricultural extension (home economics, family health, etc.) and agricultural extension that supports farmers with technical advice, inputs, and services
• Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension involve providing technical advice and information, supplying necessary inputs and services, conducting research and disseminating results, building capacity and organization, supporting non-agricultural activities, and fostering participatory approaches