origins of psychology

• What does the approaches chapter in psychology concern itself with?

  Explaining human behavior
• The idea of psychology as a distinct brand of study is generally dated around 1880
• The original roots of psychology date back to philosophers such as René Descartes and John Locke.
• What is the term for drilling holes in the head to release evil spirits in psychological history?

  Trepanation
• Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental lab for psychology in 1879
• What is Wilhelm Wundt known as in psychology?

  First experimental psychologist
• The psychodynamic approach, led by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.
• Order the major psychological approaches chronologically:

  1️⃣ Psychodynamic

  2️⃣ Behaviorist

  3️⃣ Humanistic

  4️⃣ Cognitive

  5️⃣ Biological
• Which approach in psychology emphasizes free will and self-determination?

  Humanistic
• Match the psychological approach with its primary focus:

  Behaviorist ↔️ Observable behavior

  Cognitive ↔️ Mental processes

  Biological ↔️ Brain and genes

  Humanistic ↔️ Free will
• What was the main aim of Wilhelm Wundt's work?

  Analyze human consciousness
• Wilhelm Wundt's method, introspection, is still widely used in modern psychology.

  False
• Wundt's introspection involved recording reactions to stimuli such as sounds or objects
• What were the three categories into which Wundt's participants divided their observations during introspection?

  Thoughts, images, sensations
• The process of isolating the structure of consciousness in Wundt's work is known as structuralism
• Which behaviorist questioned the value of introspection due to its subjective nature?

  John Watson
• Behaviorism believes that a scientific psychology should only study observable and measurable behaviors.
• What metaphor did cognitive psychologists use to describe the mind in the 1950s?

  Computer
• The cognitive approach uses controlled experiments to study mental processes like memory and attention
• What type of scanning techniques does the biological approach use to study brain activity?

  fMRIs and EEGs
• Genetic testing is used in the biological approach to understand the link between genes and behavior.
• Match the psychological approach with its method of investigation:

  Behaviorist ↔️ Controlled experiments

  Cognitive ↔️ Lab studies

  Biological ↔️ Brain scanning

  Humanistic ↔️ Individual experiences
• What is one strength of Wilhelm Wundt's methods in psychology?

  Systematic and controlled
• One limitation of introspection is that it relies on self-reporting mental processes, which can be subjective
• Wilhelm Wundt's work meets all modern scientific criteria for psychological inquiry.

  False
• What are the aims of modern psychology according to scientific approaches?

  Describe, understand, predict, control
• The psychodynamic approach uses case studies, which may not be representative of the majority
• Humanistic psychology is compatible with scientific methods because it emphasizes objectivity and control.

  False