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A-level Psychology
Approaches
the biological approach
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Cards (31)
Biological rhythms are cyclical changes in the way biological systems
behave
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Biological rhythms can vary in duration from short periods to
monthly
cycles.
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Why do humans have biological rhythms?
To optimize behavior
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The most important biological rhythm for humans is the
circadian
rhythm.
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What is the duration of a circadian rhythm?
24 hours
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Nearly all organisms possess a biological representation of a
24-hour
day.
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What does the circadian rhythm optimize in humans?
Physiology and behavior
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Circadian rhythms are driven by body
clocks
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Where is the master circadian pacemaker located?
Hypothalamus
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Match the term with its definition:
SCN ↔️ Suprachiasmatic nuclei
Photoentrainment ↔️ Alignment with light-dark cycle
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What is the primary input that resets the master circadian pacemaker?
Light
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Light-sensitive cells in the eye act as brightness
detectors
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The sleep/wake cycle is regulated by
circadian rhythms
.
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When does the strongest sleep drive occur in humans?
2:00-4:00 AM
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The post-lunch dip commonly occurs between 1:00 and 3:00
PM
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Insufficient sleep makes the
post-lunch dip
more intense.
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What does homeostatic control contribute to sleep regulation?
The need for sleep
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The drive for sleep increases throughout the day and peaks in the late
evening
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The
circadian
system maintains wakefulness as long as daylight is present.
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What does it mean when a circadian clock is described as freerunning?
It maintains a 24-25 hour cycle
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Major alterations in sleep schedules can disrupt the circadian
system
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What is the lowest core body temperature in a normal circadian rhythm?
36 degrees
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Order the changes in core body temperature during a normal circadian rhythm:
1️⃣ Lowest at 4:30 AM
2️⃣ Rises during sleep
3️⃣ Highest at 6:00 PM
4️⃣ Small drop between 2:00-4:00 PM
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Which hormone encourages feelings of sleep?
Melatonin
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Melatonin production peaks during daylight hours.
False
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The production of melatonin decreases when it is
light
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What is chrono therapeutics the study of?
Drug timing and treatment
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The risk of heart attacks is greatest during the early morning
hours
.
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Medications for heart attacks can be administered before sleep but released during the vulnerable
period
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Who studied freerunning circadian rhythms in cave environments?
Michel Siffre
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Case studies of circadian rhythms may have limited
generalizability
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