the biological approach

Cards (31)

  • Biological rhythms are cyclical changes in the way biological systems behave
  • Biological rhythms can vary in duration from short periods to monthly cycles.
  • Why do humans have biological rhythms?
    To optimize behavior
  • The most important biological rhythm for humans is the circadian rhythm.
  • What is the duration of a circadian rhythm?
    24 hours
  • Nearly all organisms possess a biological representation of a 24-hour day.
  • What does the circadian rhythm optimize in humans?
    Physiology and behavior
  • Circadian rhythms are driven by body clocks
  • Where is the master circadian pacemaker located?
    Hypothalamus
  • Match the term with its definition:
    SCN ↔️ Suprachiasmatic nuclei
    Photoentrainment ↔️ Alignment with light-dark cycle
  • What is the primary input that resets the master circadian pacemaker?
    Light
  • Light-sensitive cells in the eye act as brightness detectors
  • The sleep/wake cycle is regulated by circadian rhythms.
  • When does the strongest sleep drive occur in humans?
    2:00-4:00 AM
  • The post-lunch dip commonly occurs between 1:00 and 3:00 PM
  • Insufficient sleep makes the post-lunch dip more intense.
  • What does homeostatic control contribute to sleep regulation?
    The need for sleep
  • The drive for sleep increases throughout the day and peaks in the late evening
  • The circadian system maintains wakefulness as long as daylight is present.
  • What does it mean when a circadian clock is described as freerunning?
    It maintains a 24-25 hour cycle
  • Major alterations in sleep schedules can disrupt the circadian system
  • What is the lowest core body temperature in a normal circadian rhythm?
    36 degrees
  • Order the changes in core body temperature during a normal circadian rhythm:
    1️⃣ Lowest at 4:30 AM
    2️⃣ Rises during sleep
    3️⃣ Highest at 6:00 PM
    4️⃣ Small drop between 2:00-4:00 PM
  • Which hormone encourages feelings of sleep?
    Melatonin
  • Melatonin production peaks during daylight hours.
    False
  • The production of melatonin decreases when it is light
  • What is chrono therapeutics the study of?
    Drug timing and treatment
  • The risk of heart attacks is greatest during the early morning hours.
  • Medications for heart attacks can be administered before sleep but released during the vulnerable period
  • Who studied freerunning circadian rhythms in cave environments?
    Michel Siffre
  • Case studies of circadian rhythms may have limited generalizability