the nervous system + endocrine system

• What are the two main functions of the nervous system?

  Respond to information and coordinate organs
• Order the subdivisions of the nervous system from broadest to most specific.

  1️⃣ Nervous System

  2️⃣ Peripheral Nervous System ||| Central Nervous System

  3️⃣ Autonomic Nervous System ||| Somatic Nervous System

  4️⃣ Sympathetic Nervous System ||| Parasympathetic Nervous System
• The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
• What is the outer layer of the brain called?

  Cerebral cortex
• The spinal cord transports messages to and from the peripheral nervous system
• What is the spinal cord responsible for?

  Reflexes
• The peripheral nervous system transmits messages via neurons to the central nervous system.
• Which part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movement?

  Somatic nervous system
• What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

  Sympathetic and parasympathetic
• The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones
• Which gland produces adrenaline in response to stress?

  Adrenal gland
• What is the role of thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland?

  Increases heart rate and metabolism
• The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep
• Match the gland with its primary hormone:

  Adrenal gland ↔️ Adrenaline

  Thyroid gland ↔️ Thyroxine

  Pineal gland ↔️ Melatonin

  Testicles (males) ↔️ Testosterone
• Hormones only affect cells with specific receptors for them.
• What are the two main differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of communication methods?

  Electrical vs chemical
• The nervous system has short-lived effects, whereas the endocrine system has long-lasting effects.
• The nervous system acts faster than the endocrine system.
• Which part of the brain triggers the sympathetic nervous system during a stress response?

  Hypothalamus
• During the fight-or-flight response, adrenaline is released from the adrenal medulla
• What are some physical changes that occur during sympathetic arousal?

  Increased heart rate and breathing
• The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to its resting state after a stress response.
• What is the parasympathetic nervous system also known as?

  Rest and digest response
• Order the sequence of events during the fight-or-flight response.

  1️⃣ Stressor is perceived

  2️⃣ Hypothalamus triggers sympathetic nervous system

  3️⃣ Adrenaline is released into bloodstream

  4️⃣ Physical arousal occurs

  5️⃣ Parasympathetic nervous system returns body to resting state