Test for anions:

• Carbonate ion: CO3 2-

  Test: add dilute acid and test gas released

  Result: effervescence, CO2 is released which turns water milky
• Chloride: CL-:

  Test: acidify with dilute nitric acid and add aqueous silver nitrate

  Result: white precipitate formed.
• Bromide: Br⁻

  Test: acidify with dilute nitric acid and add aqueous silver nitrate

  Result: cream precipitate formed.
• Iodide: I-

  Acidify with dilute nitric acid and add aqueous silver nitrate

  Result: yellow precipitate formed
• Nitrate: nO3-

  TEST: add aqueous NaOH and aluminum foil warm gently and test gas released.

  Result: gas given off as ammonia and has a pungent smell which turns moist red litmus paper blue
• Sulfate: SO4 2- .

  Test: acidify using nitric acid and add aqueous barium nitrate

  Result: white precipitate formed
• Sulfite: SO3 2- .

  Test: add dilute acid and warm gently and test gas released

  Result: Gas decolorises purple acidified aqueous

  Potassium manganate (VII) solution