Wolsey& domestic policies

• What was the negative to wolseys work in legal reform?

  Backlog of cases to be heard in the star chamber

  By 1529, administration was in chaos
• When did Wolsey begin to tackle illegal enclosures?

  1517

  Ordered to rebuild houses that were destroyed and return land to farming
• What were the negatives to wolseys work in enclosures?

  Wolsey forced to accept all existing enclosures - wasn't always able to show his political power over the nobility
• When was Wolsey forced to accept all existing enclosures?

  1523
• What did Wolsey replace the traditional fifteenths and tenths tax with in finance?

  A system that accurately reflected wealth of tax payers across england, more flexible, non fixed rates, realistic subsidy based on the ability to pay
• Between 1513 - 1516, how much did subsidy raise?

  £170,000
• Between 1513-1516, how much did fifteenths and tenths raise?

  £90,000
• From 1513 - 1529, how much did Wolsey raise in parliamentary subsidies?

  £325,000
• From 1513 - 1529, how much did Wolsey raise from fifteenths and tenths?

  £118,000
• From 1513 - 1529, how much did Wolsey raise in loans?

  £250,000
• What did Wolsey demand in 1523?

  £800,000 in taxation+ from parliament on top of loans with amounted to £260,000

  
  

  Forced to settle for much less than he wanted
• What were the negatives of Wolsey and finance?

  - policies were causing resentment, increasingly late payments during 1523 - 1525

  
  

  - Wolsey anticipated payments, accounting for money that the crown did not have yet
• What is the context regarding the Amicable grant in 1525?

  - French army defeated in Battle of Pavia

  - Opportunity to invade france

  - French king, Francis I, held captive by Charles V
• What was the Amicable grant and how did the public react?

  1525

  Non-parliamentary tax, target clergy and laity

  however was soon after the forces loans and tax, made the grant unpopular and violent displeasure
• How did the Amicable grant's popularity show throughout the country?

  - Refusal to pay

  - Rebellions across suffolk and east anglia

  - ten thousand men march on Lavenham (making centre of suffolk, scale of tax rebellion)
• When was the amicable grant abandoned?

  May 1525 (No more taxation attempted by Wolsey)
• What did Henry think of the amicable grant?


  Denied all knowledge of the grant
• What did Wolsey do after the amicable grant?

  - Abandonment of the french invasion

  - Switched, from alliance to Charles V to a French alliance

  - unpopular, terrible for the kings great matter
• What was the Eltham Ordinances?

  A royal edict of 1526, cut number in the royal household

  (built resentment)
• What is an example of Eltham Ordiances?

  1522-25 - keep young nobles away from court

  
  

  Gentlemen of the bedchamber reduced from 12 to 6

  
  

  said to be 'necessary cost-cutting to improve the efficiency of administration'

  Wolsey to seen with an intent to destroy the power base of those he precieved as rivals for the king's favour
• What was the impact of the Hunne Affair and who was involved?

  1515 parliamentary session dominated by Hunne Affair

  
  

  Impacted anti-clerical backlash

  
  

  Richard hunne
• Who was Richard Hunne and what happened to cause anti-clerical backlash?

  - Challenged church due to high rate of mortuary ees

  - imprisoned, found dead awaiting trial
• What happened after Richard Hunne was found dead?


  - Caused uproar in London, anti-clericalism

  - widespread dissatisfaction with the Church
• Who was Henry Standish?

  Friar, attacked the legal precedent of benefit of the clergy.

  - Benefit of the clergy had been abused, any educated man was able to claim immunity from secular trial
• What did the act of 1512 do?

  Restricted benefit of the clergy and in 1515 session the principle was raised

  
  

  added further to anti-clericalism
• Wolsey and ecclesiastical extravagance

  Wolsey's exploitation of the ecclesiastical positions did bring him wealth, such as appointment as Legate a Latere, enhanced his authority

  
  

  Allowed him to establish his own probate courts.
• what is a probate court?

  Ecclesiastical courts dealing with wills left by the laity and often included monetary donations to the church.
• What are the 3 words Wolsey was accused of being?


  Pluralism

  Nepotism

  Absenteeism
• What did Wolsey do with all of his bishoprics

  had multiple

  By 1529 - held archbishopric of York, Birshopric of Winchester and Abbey of St Albans

  However never visited Lincoln, Bath and Wells, Durham

  disinterested?
• How did Wolsey use his ecclesiastical patronage to an advantage?

  Yo support his illegitimate son, Thomas Winter
• What do people think Wolsey was only interested in during the church?


  Exploiting the church for his own personal financial gain
• What is an Ecclesiastical council?

  meeting of leading bishops to discuss the condition of the church
• When did Wolsey hold an Ecclesiastical council and why?

  1518 in York

  Discuss improving conduct of work for provincial clergy

  However, could've been to impress the Pope before his appointment as Legate
• What were legatine visitations and how did Wolsey initiate them?

  visitations of monastic houses in England, inspection of the church and religious houses.

  Wolsey's proposals for reform was constructive and positive

  
  

  Some abbots and monks that were not involved with their monastic lifestyle were replaced
• Which religious statues were drawn up?

  Benedictines and Augustinians
• What did Wolsey propose regarding church reform at the end of his career?

  13 new episcopal sees based on dissolved monastries to bring English dioceses in line with population increase
• `What were episcopal sees?

  A bishopric of the specific area over which a bishop has authority
• Who objected to Wolsey initiating church reform?

  Archbishop Warham
• How did Wolsey contribute to humanism rather than religion?

  Dissolution of 30 religious houses to pay for the building of:

  Cardinal College, Oxford, Ipswich School

  (Upset defenders of monastic way)

  Promotion of education and humanism
• What did the Pope and Henry hope when Wolsey got his Papal Legate and what happened?

  Wanted to benefit financially from Wolsey's appointment in 1524

  Wolsey did not deliver a subsidy to Rome

  Yet succeed in taxing the clergy much higher rates

  
  

  Apparent conflict of interests between pope and king (Henry expected Wolsey to use his legatine influence in rome to solve the great matter)