Reformation

• How was the church viewed in 1530s?

  1) Seen as being corrupt

  2) accounts of Pluralism

  3) Decline of monasticism
• Why had the Catholic Church as an institution been weakened?

  Humanists like Erasmus and Colet, Simon fish made critiques
• Henry VIII sought expert opinions on his marriage and divorce by whom?

  Several universities
• When were the clergy fined or praemunire?

  1531
• Which German Protestant was becoming influential

  Martin Luther
• What did luther produce criticising the church

  Ninety five thesis
• 2 examples of criticism in the ninety five thesis

  1) The selling of indulgences

  2) Wanted the English Bible to be read in Churches
• What was Anne Boleyn's influence on religious reforms?

  1) Brought the work of William Tyndale to Henry's attention

  2) Encouraged him to appoint reformers (eg. Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury)
• What was created to assess the income of the Monasteries?

  Valor Ecclesiasticus
• How many religious houses were dissolved during the 1520s?

  29
• What was created to report on corruptions found in the Church?

  Comperta
• When was Collectanea Satis Copiosa made?

  1530-31
• What was Collectanea Satis Copiosa?

  which looked to justify the King's divorce on the basis of legal and historical principles
• Who created collectanea satis copiosa

  Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe
• When were the 2 acts to dissolve the monasteries

  Act of the Dissolution of Smaller Monasteries (1536)

  Act of the Dissolution of larger Monasteries (1539)
• What was court of augmentations?

  branch of council created to handle the property and income
• When was court of augmentations introduced?

  1536
• What fraction of monastic land was sold by 1547

  2/3
• The income from dissolving the monasteries counted for how much of the kingdoms wealth?

  10%
• What impact did dissolving the monasteries have on the nobility and gentry?


  Bought ex-monastic land to grow their wealth and influence
• What impact did dissolving the monasteries have on monks and nuns?

  1) Hundreds of communities of monks and nuns were dissolved, losing their jobs

  2) 1/5 of ex-monks secured other payed positions within the Church
• What impact did dissolving the monasteries have on education? (3)

  1) Cathedrals founded out of ex-monasteries (eg. Chester Cathedral)

  2) Many Monastery libraries broken or burnt

  3) New King Henry and Edward schools founded in place of ex-monasteries
• What political motivations did Henry have to close the monasteries? (2)

  1) Removed opposition of clergy after the break from Rome

  2) Became more popular with nobility after gaining wealth and land from the dissolution
• What religious motivations did Henry have to close the monasteries? (3)

  1) Influenced by men like Erasmus, Luther and Tyndale

  2) Inspired by religious houses being dissolved in Germany

  3) Evidence of corruption in the Church (though a lot may have been fabricated)
• What financial motivations did Henry have to close the monasteries?

  1) Henry could avoid imposing taxation

  2) Funded programme for fortification and avoided taxes
• How did doctrine change in 1536?

  Royal Injnctions:

  1) Ten Articles of Faith (outlined rules regarding beliefs and practices)

  2) Pilgrimages discouraged

  3) Restricted number of holy days

  4) Worship of relics and images condemned
• How did doctrine change in 1537?

  Bishops Book published (issued statements on correct beliefs and practices)
• How did doctrine change in 1538?

  Royal Injunctions:

  1) Each church required to have an English Bible
• How did doctrine change in 1539?

  Act of Six Articles:

  1) Restored key aspects of Catholic doctrine (eg, transubstantiation)
• How did doctrine change in 1543?

  1) Only upper class men were allowed to read the Bible

  2) The King's Book (revised version of The Bishop's Book)
• How did doctrine change from 1543-47?

  Catholicism without the Pope:

  1) Preaching of Protestant ideas repressed

  2) Main doctrine of Church remained Catholic

  3) Bible remained English
• The reformation parliament served from

  1529-36
• How significant was the reformation Parliament?

  It passed through the statues that secured the break from rome, dissolution of monasteries, illegitimacy of Mary and elizabeth , gave crown control of wealth
• How many sessions did the reformation Parliament have in Henry VIII reign?

  8
• When was the submission or the clergy?

  1532
• What was the Submission of the Clergy

  The surrender of the Church's independent law-making function
• When was the act in restraint of appeals?

  1533
• What was the act in restraint of appeals?

  people couldn't appeal to the pope for justice, he had no say in matrimonial matters
• When was the act of succession?

  1534
• What was the act of succession?

  made Anne Boleyn's children the legitimate heirs to the throne