Circulatory System

• What type of circulatory system do fish have?

  Single circulatory system
• What type of circulatory system do mammals have?

  Double circulatory system
• What is a closed circulatory system?

  Blood is confined to vessels
• What is an open circulatory system?

  Blood is not always in vessels
• What is the function of ostia in an open circulatory system?

  Pores through which blood enters the heart
• Why do organisms need a transport system?

  To deliver oxygen and remove waste
• What happens as the surface area to volume ratio decreases?

  Exchange of materials becomes harder
• What are the common features of transport systems in large organisms?

  • Suitable medium (e.g., blood)
  • Mass transport mechanism
  • Closed tubular vessels
  • One-directional flow
  • Control of flow to different body parts
• What is the role of pumps in a circulatory system?

  To keep fluid moving and supply nutrients
• Why do metabolically active organisms need a transport system?

  They require constant oxygen and glucose supply
• What is the first main blood vessel that an oxygen molecule reaches after being absorbed from an alveolus?

  Pulmonary vein
• Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

  Aorta
• Which blood vessel joins the right ventricle of the heart to the capillaries of the lungs?

  Pulmonary artery
• Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney?

  Renal artery
• What is the purpose of double circulation in mammals?

  Boosts blood pressure for efficient circulation
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  Blood flow to and from the lungs
• What is systemic circulation?

  Blood flow to the rest of the body
• How do open and closed circulatory systems differ in terms of blood containment?

  Open systems have blood not always in vessels
• What is the most common circulatory system of invertebrates?

  Open circulatory system
• What are the components of a circulatory system?

  • A pump for pressure
  • Exchange surfaces
  • A transport fluid
• What is the circulatory system order for fish?

  Heart → Gills → Body → Heart
• What is the circulatory system order for mammals?

  Heart → Body → Heart → Lungs → Heart
• Why do large organisms need a specialized circulatory system?

  To overcome limitations of diffusion
• What is the role of exchange surfaces in a circulatory system?

  Allow substances to leave and enter
• What is the significance of a mass transport mechanism?

  Moves the transport medium over large distances
• How does the structure of a closed circulatory system benefit larger organisms?

  Maintains higher pressure for efficient transport
• What is the role of the diaphragm in mammals' circulatory system?

  Facilitates breathing and gas exchange
• What is the relationship between metabolism and the need for a transport system?

  Higher metabolism requires efficient nutrient delivery
• What is the function of tissue fluid in a closed circulatory system?

  Bathes tissues and cells
• How does gravity affect blood flow in an open circulatory system?

  Blood relies on gravity to flow
• What are the advantages of a double circulatory system in mammals?

  Increases efficiency of oxygen delivery
• What is the role of trachea in an open circulatory system?

  Delivers O₂ directly to tissues
• What is the significance of having a branching network in a transport system?

  Distributes the transport medium to all parts
• What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  Transport substances throughout the body
• Why do larger organisms require more complex transport systems?

  To reach cells deep inside the body
• How does the circulatory system of mammals differ from that of fish?

  Mammals have double circulation; fish have single
• What is the role of the heart in a circulatory system?

  Pumps blood throughout the body
• What is the importance of maintaining mass flow movement in one direction?

  Ensures efficient transport of substances
• How do the circulatory systems of insects differ from those of mammals?

  Insects have open systems; mammals have closed
• What is the primary transport medium in a closed circulatory system?

  Blood