Science, Technology & Society

• Science is a systematic body of knowledge based on careful observation and experimentation
• There are 2 major branches of science:

  • Social science: study of people, culture, and society
  • Natural science: seeks to understand the natural world
• Natural science branches into:

  • Pure science: to gain knowledge
  • Applied science: to solve a particular problem
• Pure science branches into:

  • Biological science: study of living things
  • Physical science: study of non-living things
• Technology involves the rational process of creating means to transform and includes technological objects, knowledge, and systems
• Society is a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture
• • Transportation: to find food and better place
  • Safety and protection: keep safe for harsh environment/armor and weapons
  • Aesthetic: presentable and appealing
• Historical Antecedents in Science and Technology:

  • Problems encountered in ancient times (MARCH TSA):
  • Mass production
  • Architecture
  • Record Keeping
  • Communication
  • Health
  • Transportation
  • Safety and protection
  • Aesthetic
  • Concepts - Solution:
  • Mass production: increase food supplies/basic needs without traveling
  • Architecture: technological advancement; establish identity
  • Record Keeping: preservation of history, culture, and identity
  • Communication: way to connect with natives/trading partners
  • Health: conservation of life
• Contributions from different civilizations:

  • Roman
  • Chinese
  • Babylonians
  • Egyptians
  • Greeks
  • Sumerians
• Sumerian's Contributions (RCWUTIS):

  • Road: easy travel, made of sunbaked bricks (mud, clay)
  • Cuneiform: 1st writing system
  • Wheel: made for food processing
  • Uruk city: 1st true city in the world
  • The great ziggurat of UR: temple/church
  • Irrigations and Dikes: increase production
  • Sailboats: transportation for waterways, rivers, and seas
• Babylonian's Contribution:

  • Hanging Gardens: layers of plants, trees, and vines
• Egyptian's Contribution (WWHIPC):

  • Water clock/Clepsydra: time measurement
  • Wig: worn for health purposes, prevent lice, protect from sunrays
  • Hieroglyphics: system of writing
  • Ink: made of soot with different chemicals
  • Paper/Papyrus: plant-based, makes writing easier, easy to keep
  • Cosmetic: for health purposes; KOHL prevention for eye diseases
• Greeks' Contribution (AW):

  • Alarm clock: purpose to tell other person when to start and end
  • Water mill: for food processing
• Romans' Contribution (BANN):

  • Bound Books: 1st covers made of wax later changed to animal skins
  • Roman Architecture: concrete infrastructure
  • Newspaper: 1st newspaper known as gazette
  • Roman Numerals: not used due to inherent limitations
• Chinese Contributions (SGGT):

  • Silk: for clothing, superior and long-lasting
  • Gunpowder: made as Elixir; used for guns, cannons, and fireworks
  • Great Wall of China: for protection and power
  • Tea: for health and long life
• Medieval/Middle Age/Age of Exploration (PMTW):

  • Printing press: for information dissemination; made of woods and extracted juice
  • Microscope: used for unseen things; discovering diseases
  • Telescope: used by ship captains for navigation
  • War weapons from simple tools to iron tools/body armor
• Modern Times Contributions (PPTC):

  • Pasteurization: heating process to kill harmful bacteria
  • Petroleum Refinery: Samuel M. Kier from kerosene – "Illuminating oil"
  • Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell: response at the fastest way
  • Calculator: easier calculations; resulted in the development of complex
• Philippine Inventions (SSEMM):

  • Salamander Amphibious Tricycle: can cross flood streets, rivers, and lakes
  • Salt lamp: Alisa Mijeno; sustainable alternative lighting
  • E-jeepney
  • Medical Incubator: Dra. Fe Del Mundo during World War 2 in the Philippines; made of native material
  • Mosquito Ovicidal larvicidal: DOST a mosquito trap system; made of organic materials