CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

• CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

  • This was described in the Philippines in 1963 after the death of the first human case.
  • An epidemic occurred in 1967-1968 where more than 1000 cases were reported and also 100 individuals died.
  • Descendant of Trichuridae
  • Due to presence of stichosomes
  • It is a tiny nematode that resides in small intestine of humans and the esophagus has rolls of secretory cells called stichocytes.
  • The entire esophageal structure is called stichosomes.
  • Common name: Pudoc worm
  • Disease:

  1. Capillariasis or Mystery Disease
  2. Malabsorption Syndrome
  3. Flattening of the villi
• MALE AND FEMALE C. PHILIPPINENSIS

  MALE C. PHILIPPINENSIS

  • Size: 2.3-3.17 mm
  • Caudal alae; long, non-spiny sheath
  • Spicule: 230-300 um

  FEMALE C. PHILIPPINENSIS

  • Size: 2.4-4.3 mm
  • 2 DIVISIONS:

  1. Anterior – esophagus and esophageal glands
  2. Posterior – intestine and reproductive organs

  The vulva is located at the junction of the anterior and the middle third of the body.
• 2 TYPES OF ADULT FEMALE

  ATYPICAL FEMALE

  1. Uterus lined with 2-3 rows of eggs
  2. Larviparous
  3. Causes internal auto-reinfection

  TYPICAL FEMALE

  1. Uterus lined with 1 row of egg
  2. Oviparous
• DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

  OVA

  • Color: Pale yellow
  • Size: 42x20 µ
  • Similar to that of T. trichiura
  • Smaller & more striated shells
  • Flattened plugs
  • Peanut shape - Passed in the feces and embryonate in the soil or water and they must reach the water in order to be ingested by small species of fresh water or brackish water fish
• INTERMEDIATE HOST

  • Glassfish, “Bagsit”, “Bagsang”, “ipon”
• DEFINITIVE HOST

  • Man & Birds
• MAIN HABITAT

  • Large Intestines & Small Intestines
• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

  • Direct Fecal Smear, Sedimentation
  • Diagnostic Stage: Fertilized Ova
  • Parasites can also be recovered from small intestines to duodenal aspirate
• DISEASE CAUSED

  • Capillariasis or Mystery disease
• PREDOMINANT SYMPTOMS

  • Borborygmi (gurgling of stomach)
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea (chronic)

  UNTREATED

  • Weight loss; malaise
  • Vomiting; dehydration
  • Anorexia Pneumonia, heart failure and cerebral edema
  • Death: 2 – 8 weeks after these are seen
  • It can cause low electrolyte levels specifically the potassium and there are high levels of IgE during capillariasis
• TREATMENT FOR C. PHILIPPINENSIS DISEASES

  • ALBENDAZOLE: Drug of choice 400 mg/day for 10 days
• TREATMENT FOR C. PHILIPPINENSIS DISEASES

  • ALBENDAZOLE

  1. Drug of choice
  2. 400 mg/day for 10 days
  3. Destroys larvae readily

  • MEBENDAZOLE

  1. 200mg twice a day for 20 days or 400 mg/day for 20 days

  • ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND HIGH PROTEIN DIET
• PREVENTION

  • Thorough cooking of fish
• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

  • DFS & Concentration technique
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION

  • Eating infected fish