Statistics

• The large data set is based on daily weather data and hourly temps from 18 weather stations north to Leuchars and south to Camborne from 1987 to 2015
• Weather data measured


  • Total daily sunshine
  • Mean wind speed
  • Mean temperature - °C, average
  • Maximum relative humidity
  • Daily mean cloud cover
  • Mean visibility
  • Daily mean pressure
• Anything measured as 'trace' will be less than 0.05 mm over 24 hrs
• The data covers the southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere
• Mode


  The value that occurs the most often
• Median


  The middle value when the data is in order
• Mean


  Calculated by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of values
• Range


  The difference between the largest and smallest values
• Interquartile range


  The difference between the upper and lower quartiles
• Standard deviation


  A measure of the spread of the data, calculated by taking the square root of the variance
• Variance


  The average of the squared differences from the mean
• Interpolation


  Using known values to estimate an unknown value within a range
• Extrapolation


  Using known values to estimate an unknown value outside a range, which is unreliable
• Mutually exclusive events


  Events that cannot happen at the same time
• Independent events


  Events where the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other
• Probability distribution


  Describes the possible values a random variable can take and the associated probabilities
• Binomial distribution


  A probability distribution with a fixed number of trials, two possible outcomes (success or failure), and a fixed probability of success
• Null hypothesis


  The assumption that is being tested, usually that there is no significant difference or relationship
• Alternative hypothesis


  The hypothesis that is assumed to be true if the null hypothesis is rejected
• One-tailed test


  A hypothesis test where the alternative hypothesis specifies the direction of the difference
• Two-tailed test


  A hypothesis test where the alternative hypothesis does not specify the direction of the difference