Exer 1

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Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
Heredity is the transmission of traits
Variation deals with genetic differences.
Process of heredity and variation is called cell division
Cell cycle is the physical and metabolic activities of cell
Interphase - G1, S, G2
Cell cycle is composed two phases:
Interphase and M-phase
Interphase is non-dividing phase
Interphase is the preparation for cell division
M-phase is the dividing phase
Within the nucleus, one or several small round dense bodies are called nucleoli
Granular network is called chromatin
Interphase consists of 3 phases:
G1, S, G2
G1 phase is the doubling of organelles and growing of cell size
S phase synthesize dna
G2 phase synthesize RNA
Each chromosome in G2 phase is composed of sister chromatids.
Site of constriction is centromere or primary constriction.
Centromere functions as attachment site kinetochore protein
Kinetochores are site of attachment of spindle fibers.
Tips of chromosome arms are called telomeres
Telomeres provide stability to chromosome
4 types of chromosome:
Metacentric, Submetacentric, Acrocentric, Telocentric
Secondary construction leads to formation of a satellite.
Mitosis undergone somatic and germ cells
In multicellular organisms, it replaces worn out tissues and increase number of cells.
In unicellular organisms, it is a mode of reproduction.
Complete set of chromosomes is called genome.
Each chromosome has a corresponding pair or homologue.
The resulting zygote develops in multicellular organism.
The chromosome constancy is accomplished through mitosis
Prophase is the thickening of chromosomes.
In prophase, the nuclear membrane disappears.
In metaphase, the chromosomes line up at equatorial plane
In anaphase, the chromatid separates.
In telophase, the nuclear membrane reappears.
At anaphase, the centromeres become functionally double
In telophase, they begin to uncoil.
Karyokinesis is the division of nucleus
Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm.