Disease, defence and treatment

• What forms can pathogens take?

  Virus, bacteria, fungus or protist
• What do pathogens do?


  They infect a host, reproduce and can spread to other organisms
• What are the features of a bacteria?

  • DNA
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Pilus
  • Flagellum
• What makes a bacteria different from eukaryotes?

  Bacteria have no nucleus
• What are pili?

  Hair-like appendages on the surface of bacteria.
• What is a flagellum?

  Tail on a bacteria which allows it to move
• What are diseases caused by bacteria treated by?

  Antibiotics
• How are bacterial diseases transmitted?

  Contaminated food and drink and touch
• What are the types of transmission?

  • Direct contact
  • Water
  • Arit
  • Unhygienic food preparation
• What are the features of a virus?

  • Spikes
  • Protein coat
  • Genetic material
• Are viruses living things?

  No.
• Why aren’t viruses living things?


  They only reproduce in a host
• Are we always affected by a virus?

  No
• How are viruses transmitted?

  Touch, droplets and sex
• What type of organism is influenza?

  Virus
• What kind of organism is AIDS?

  Virus
• What virus caused AIDS?

  HIV
• What kind of organism caused Malaria?

  Protist
• What protist caused Malaria?

  Plasmodium spp
• What kind of organism is tuberculosis?

  Bacteria
• What bacteria causes tuberculosis?

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• What kind of organism causes cholera?

  Bacteria
• What kind of bacteria causes Cholera?

  Vibrio cholerae
• What kind of organism causes chlamydia?

  Bacteria
• What bacteria causes chlamydia?

  Chlamydia trachmatis
• What does influenza infect?

  The respiratory tract
• How is influenza transmitted?


  By droplets in the air
• How is influenza prevented?

  By quarantine and vaccination
• What treatment is used for influenza?

  There is none (body’s immune system)
• What does AIDS infect?

  Lymphocytes
• How is AIDS transmitted?

  Blood to blood contact
• How is AIDS prevented?

  Condoms and gloves
• How is AIDS treated?

  By anti-viral agents
• What does Malaria infect?

  Liver and red blood cells
• How is Malaria transmitted?

  Female mosquito bites
• How is Malaria prevented?

  Nets, clothing and repellant
• How is Malaria treated?

  Drugs
• What does tuberculosis infect?

  Lungs, neck and lymph nodes
• How is tuberculosis transmitted?

  By airborne droplets
• How is tuberculosis prevented?

  The BCG vaccine