INTRO PARASITOLOGY

• Phylum Sarcomastigophora pertains to sarcodina: amoebae which is equipped with pseudopods "false feet"
• Amoebae are equipped with pseudopods or false feet
• Mastigophora: flagellates: equipped with flagellum
• flagellum, a whip-like structure
• Phylum Ciliphora pertains to ciliata, which are marine algae that have cilia.
• Balantidium coli is the only ciliate parasite of human which is found in the intestinal tract.
• Phylum Apicomplexa refers to a parasite that are not equipped with definite locomotor apparatus
• Demonstrates asexual cycle called schizogony
• Demonstrates sexual cycle called sporogony
• Plasmodium spp is the causative agent of malaria
• Babesia microti is the causative agent of Nantucket fever
• Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of Toxoplasmosis
• Phylum Platyhelminths also known as flatworms are multicellular animals characterized by a flat, bilaterally symmetrical body
• Most flatworms are hermaphroditic, having both male and female reproductive organs in the same individuals except schistosomes that have separate sexes
• Class Turbellaria mostly exists as free-living forms inhabiting terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments
• Class Trematoda or also known as flukes is a leaf-shaped or elongate, slender organisms.
• Possess attachment organs in the form of cupshaped muscular depressions called suckers
• Class Cestoda or also known as tapeworm is a elongate, ribbon-like, segmented body that bears a specialized anterior attachment organ called the scolex
• Phylum Nemathelminthes also known as roundworm are elongate, cylindrical worms, frequently attenuated at both ends
• Phylum Acanthocephala refers to a thorny-headed worms are all endoparasitic organisms, the anterior end of which is modified into a hook-bearing, retractable proboscis that serves in attachement
• Phylum Arthopoda are segmented and bilaterally symmetrical animals with a body enclosed in a stiff, chitinous covering or exoskeleton and bearing paired, jointed appendages.
• Class Crustacea pertains to aquatic forms, which breathe by means of grills
• Freshwater crab is the agent of paragonimus westermani
• Copepods is the agent of dibothriocephalus altus
• Class Chilopoda are centipedes charactized by the possession of one pair of legs on each body segment
• First pair of appendages is modified as poison claws
• Class Arachnida pertains to a spiderlike animals, possess a body divided into two parts, the cephalothorax and the abdomen
• Class Insecta is the most important of the arthropods
• Class insecta have three pairs of legs and a body divided into three distinct parts: head, thorax, and abdomen
• Order Anoplura pertains to a sucking lice: wingless, dorsoventrally compresses insects
• Order Hemiptera pertains to true bugs, wingless bedbugs
• Order Coleoptera pertains to two pairs of wings, but the anterior pair is thickned throughout. Example is beetles
• Grain beetle is the intermediate hosts of hymenolepsis nana
• Flour beetles is the intermediate host of Hymenolepis diminuta
• Order Hymenoptera is medically important source of venom. Examples are ant, bees, wasps
• Ants serves as intermediate hosts for flukes: Fasciola lanceolata, Eurytrema pancreaticum
• Order Siphonaptera is wingless and laterally compressed
• Order Diptera have one pair of true wings. Examples are mosquitoes, flies, and gnats
• Phylum Pentastomida are all endoparasitic forms
• Phylum Pentastomodia is known as tongue worms or linguatulids