Psychological Problems

• Innate


  Inborn; natural, biological, genetic.
• ICD


  International classification of diseases - a manual listing hundreds of mental disorders which is used in diagnosing mental illness.
• Rejection by society

  When the majority in society do no accept individuals and actively exclude them from social groups.
• Disengagement of the individual


  When people withdraw from groups and activities.
• Reductionist


  Reduces a complex argument to something very simple.
• Brain imaging


  Techniques that scan people's brains to see differences in structure or in brain activity.
• Psychotherapy


  Talking therapy in which a therapist works with a client using psychology rather than medication. May be used in conjunction with medication.
• Anti-psychotic

  Medication used to treat people with schizophrenia.
• Anti-depressants

  Medication used to treat people with clinical depression.
• Facebook surveillance


  Looking at other profiles but not posting on Facebook.
• 736


  Number of participants in Tandoc's study.
• Self-report using an online survey


  Method used by Tandoc et al to collect data.
• Tandoc

  Conducted a study into Facebook use, envy and depression in college students.
• Social rank theory


  This theory of depression (based on evolutionary psychology) states that depression reduces conflict by stopping the loser in a contest from trying to compete again.
• Evolutionary psychology


  According to this theory, human behaviour has adapted over time in response to the environment.
• ABC Model of depression

  Theory that says depression is caused by an Activating event; an (irrational) Belief about what happened; and the Consequence that follows.
• Social status


  The position someone has in the group or the society.
• Clinical depression


  A loss of interest and enjoyment in everyday life, with increased tiredness and reduced activity.
• Placebo


  Fake drug designed to have no effect. It can be tested against a real drug so the effects of the real drug can be measured.
• Counterbalancing


  A method of controlling for order effects in a repeated measure design by evening out tasks so they do not occur in the same order each time.
• Brain dysfunction


  The idea that a brain is not operating as normal brains do
• Brain function


  The role or activity of the brain.
• Halperidol


  An anti-psychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia. It was used to stabilise participants in Daniel's study before the experiment was conducted.
• Amphetamine


  A drug that stimulates the central nervous system
• Daniel


  Researcher who conducted a study on the effect of amphetamine on cerebral blood flow of people with schizophrenia during a cognitive task.
• WCST

  Wisconsin Card Sorting Test - used as the dependent variable in Daniel's study on schizophrenia.
• Temporal lobe


  Part of the brain responsible for sensing information, understanding speech and generating language. May be smaller in people with schizophrenia.
• Hippocampus


  Part of the brain involved in memory and accompanying emotions. Smaller in volume in people with schizophrenia.
• Dopamine


  Neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, attention, alertness; too muchdopamine is linked with schizophrenia
• Neurotransmitters


  Chemical messengers that transmit information from one neuron to another
• Social drift theory of schizophrenia


  The idea that individuals drift to the bottom of society when they have a mental health problem. This theory links social class with schizophrenia. Supports the nurture debate (schizophrenia).
• Positive symptoms of schizophrenia


  An added or extra behaviour we would not usually expect to see. Delusions and hallucinations are positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
• Negative symptoms


  Absence of a particular behaviour. For example, absence of speech, motivation, attention or interest.
• Delusions


  False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness. Beliefs which cannot be true.
• Hallucinations


  Seeing or hearing things that aren't there.
• catatonic behavior (schizophrenia)


  A marked decrease in the way someone reacts to their environment. The person may stop speaking or appear as if they are in a daze (stupor).
• Recovery rate


  The number of people that get better after suffering a disorder or illness.
• Ethnicity


  A group of people with a common culture or nationality.
• Thought echo


  The person hears their own thoughts spoken aloud.
• Care in the community

  Treating people in their homes and the community instead of in hospitals and institutions.