Organisation

• What is a cell?

  A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
• What is a tissue?

  A group of cells that perform a specific function.
• What is an organ?

  A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
• What is an organ system?

  An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
• What is an organ system?

  An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
• What is an enzyme?

  An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.
• What are the major organs of the human digestive system?

  Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, rectum, anus.
• What is the lock and key model of enzyme action?

  The lock and key model of enzyme action describes how enzymes (the lock) specifically fit with substrates (the key) to catalyze reactions.
• Where in the body is amylase produced?

  Salivary glands and pancreas.
• Where is the body is lipase produced?

  Pancreas, small intestine
• Where in the body is protease produced?

  Stomach, pancreas, small intestine
• What is the job of an enzyme?

  Catalyze biochemical reactions.
• What do carbohydrases act on?

  Carbohydrates.
• What are the products of carbohydrase action?

  Simple sugars, glucose
• What do proteases act on?

  Proteins
• What are the products of proteases?

  Amino acids.
• What do lipases act on?

  Lipids
• What are the products of lipase action?

  Fatty acids and glycerol.
• What are products of digestion used for in the body?

  Energy, growth, and repair.
• What is bile?

  Digestive fluid produced by the liver.
• Where is bile stored and produced?

  Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
• What is the job of bile in digestion?

  Emulsify fats. Increases surface area for enzymes to act on, increasing rate of digestion.
• What does Benedict's solution test for and what is the result?

  Benedict's solution tests for the presence of reducing sugars, and the result is a colour change from blue to yellow, orange, or red, depending on the concentration of reducing sugars present.
• What is iodine used to test for and what is the result?

  Iodine is used to test for the presence of starch, and the result is a blue-black color.
• What is the Biuret reagent used to test for and what is the result?

  The Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins. The result is a purple color if proteins are present.
• How does pH affect enzyme function?

  Denaturation. A pH of below 7 acidic or above 7 alkaline causes the enzyme's active site to become denatured. It loses its shape so enzyme activity decreases.
• How many chambers does the heart have and what are they called?

  The heart has four chambers: the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle.
• What are the main blood vessels that run to and from the heart called?

  Arteries and veins. Aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein.
• Why does the heart have a double pump system?

  Efficiency
• How are the lungs adapted to gaseous exchange? Alveoli have a large surface area, a good blood supply from capillaries, moist and permeable walls.
• What are alveoli?

  Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
• How is resting heart rate controlled?

  By a group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker.
• How can irregular heart rate be corrected?

  Medication, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures like an artificial pacemaker.
• What are 3 types of blood vessel?

  Arteries, veins, capillaries.
• What are features of an artery?

  Thick muscular walls, elastic, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
• What are the features of a vein?

  Thin-walled, carry deoxygenated blood, have valves, return blood to the heart.
• What are the features of a capillary?

  Narrow, thin-walled blood vessels, connect arteries to veins.
• What are the components of blood?

  The components of blood are red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
• What is the function of plasma?

  Transportation of nutrients, hormones, and proteins to parts if the body where it's needed.
• What is the function of platelets?

  The function of platelets is to help with blood clotting and prevent excessive bleeding.