unit 5

• Social inequality


  the uneven distribution of resources
• Social stratification


  socially sanctioned patterns of social inequality that exist in society and that are based on distinguishable attributes such as race, age, gender, income, or occupation

  • closed - little or no movement
• caste system


  a hierarchical system based on inherited social standing
• social reproduction


  the tendency of people to remain in their social classes or origin and to replicate the experiences of their parents
• social class


  Shared membership in a group based in economic standing
• class system


  a hierarchical system of stratification based on achieved and ascribed economic measures such as annual income or possession of resources
• Social mobility


  movement that occurs within and between social classes in a stratification system
• Horizontal mobility


  changes in social positions within the same level of social class
• Vertical mobility


  changed in social positions that involve movement to a higher or lower social class
• intragenerational mobility


  changes in social class that occur within a person's lifetime
• socioeconomic status


  social standing based on a combined measure of education, income, and occupation
• intergenerational mobility


  changes of social class of children relative to their parents
• financial wealth


  corresponds to economic assets derived from income, real estate, savings, stocks, bonds, and other sources of revenue or capital
• cost of living


  a measure of the average price for essential goods and services in a given area, including transportation
• food insecurity


  the inability to acquire or consume an adept diet quality or sufficient quantity of food in a socially accepted way, or the uncertainty that one will be able to do so
• net worth


  total assets calculated by subtracting all existing financial liabilities from assets
• Canada's official poverty line


  the total amount of money needed to purchase a market basket of goods and services to meet basic needs and to allow for modest standard of living in a community over the course of a year
• low-income cut-off


  an annual family income value in $ below which a family is wors off than the average due to high proportion of income allocated to food, clothing, and shelter
• homelessness


  a state which a person in unable to secure stable, safe, and permanent housing
• social safety net


  services and programs designed to lessen the financial burdens experienced by low-income groups
• meritocracy


  a condition of advancement based on worth