SOCI 200 MCQs 2

• A stem family is a household with married adult children (eldest male) living in their parents' home with their spouse and children.
• Extended family form - includes both the household and the wider family circle like cousins, aunts, uncles, and grandparents.

  • may share a household, but the extended family does not necessarily live together
• A nuclear family consists of the parent(s) and dependent child(ren)

  • AKA: conjugal family unit
• Meaning and reality of family:

  1. All family members had certain role depending on age and gender, from early childhood until they become of age.
  2. Adulthood was signified by early marriage and family formation (the woman getting pregnant shortly after).
  3. Each member sacrificed self-interest for the good of all. These expectations were reinforced by the church and law.
• Childlessness was deemed a personal tragedy and an economic hardship. Adoption, often within family and kin circles, did not require the death of both parents, and was a common survival strategy.

  • Family was a necessity for survival!!
• Cult of domesticity (Queen Victoria) - gender roles of work and home separated, having the fathers to take care of labour, business, and politics, while the mothers being the caregivers of the children and care for the home.

  • Mid 19th century
• Modernization - The process of a country becoming more advanced and industrialized.

  • In Canada, it developed during the second half of the 19th century, and intensified with the immigration wave after WWl
  • Transportation and communication advances like canals, railways, and telegraph lines boosted this
• Chain migration - an immigration strategy where a member of a family and community, leaves their country to resettle in another, and later assisting family, kin, and community members to join them

  • Using this, 3 million newcomers came to Canada between 1896-1914
• Modernization made public education and caregiving for the sick and elderly taken over by local governments.

  • The "factory law" was made to keep women and children in home or school, but took away jobs even when in need by choosing who can work.
• The Social Gospel was a protest movement of leftists who applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially social justice issues such as slums, public health threats, alcoholism, infant mortality, prostitution, “racial degeneration,” and other horrors (war)
• Maternal feminism is the idea that women should be able to have a career and a family. Developed in late 19th century.
• Racial degeneration is the idea that certain races or ethnic groups were inherently inferior and susceptible to physical and mental deficiencies compared to others.

  • this concept was often used to justify discriminatory practices, colonization, eugenics policies, and racial segregation.
• Scientific racism was a trend that some people believed that races were different and that some races were superior to others.
• Patrilineage - descent traced through the paternal line to determine family and kin relations
• Indian Act - 1876 - gave the government control over native people
• Eugenics - a pseudo-science inspired by Darwinism's “selective breeding.”

  • Tried restricting immigration due to fear of “racial degeneration.”
• Pronatalism - the belief that pushed government to limit or criminalize contraception and abortion, while also encouraging marriage and child-bearing after WWl
• Generation gap refers to generational differences such as beliefs and values.

  • 1960's "youthquake"