Chapter 7

• Genome—entire set of genetic information
• Central Dogma of Biology—DNA to RNA to Protein
• Watson and Crick: set out to build a molecular model of the structure

  of DNA by combining three critical pieces of

  information
• Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins • carried out X-ray crystallography of DNA

  • indicated DNA had some sort of helical structure with a

  simple repeating structure
• Erwin Chargaff • Showed that DNA extracted from cells of a wide

  variety of organisms has:

  • The number of adenine bases equaled thymine bases • The number of cytosine bases equals guanine bases
• Jerry Donohue and John Griffith

  • determined that, if the bases were to pair in some

  way, A/T and G/C would pair
• RNA is structurally distinct from DNA

  • A-U/G-C base pairing  Ribose sugar base  Shorter in sequence length than

  DNA Single stranded  Can fold and form distinct

  structures