Biology 1

• anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and its parts, especially the structure of the organs
• Bacteriology is the study of bacteria and their interactions with humans and other organisms.
• biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, especially the chemical processes that occur in cells
• biotechnology is the study of living organisms and their use in medicine, agriculture, and industry
• botany is the study of plants and their parts, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and distribution
• conchology: the scientific study or collection of mollusc shells.
• malacology is the study of molluscs, especially those that are marine or freshwater
• Alexander fleming discovered penicillin in 1928
• anton van leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope
• Animacules is a Latin word that means "little animal" or "little animalcules
• biology: the study of living organisms
• herophilus of Alexandria - first to use the term "anatomy
• andreas vesalius is the father of modern medicine, he published the first book on human anatomy in 1543
• glucose: a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
• cytology is the study of cells and their structure and function.
• ecology: the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
• Embryology is the study of the development of an organism from fertilization to birth.
• Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system, which is a system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
• Entomology is the study of insects, especially their anatomy, physiology, and behavior
• genetics is the study of heredity and variation in organisms/ genes
• Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms, especially those of medical importance
• herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians, including their biology, behavior, and conservation
• Histology is the study of tissues and organs at a microscopic level.
• ichthyology is the study of fishes, especially those of freshwater habitats, and the biology of fishes
• microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their interactions with humans and other organisms
• Mycology is the study of fungi and their role in the environment and human health.
• Ornithology: the scientific study of birds.
• pathology is the study of disease and its causes, especially in relation to the body's structure and function
• physiology is the study of the functions of the body and its parts, especially in relation to health
• zoology: the scientific study of the behaviour, structure, physiology, classification, and distribution of animals.
• The characteristics of life

  1. Living things are generally organized

  2. Living things acquire materials and energy.

  3. Living things reproduce

  4. Living things respond to stimuli

  5. Living things are homeostatic

  6. Living things grow and develop

  7. Livings things have the capacity to adapt to their environment.
• 2 types of cell

  Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
• Cell

  • the most living unit;
  • most are microscopic
• Robert Hooke discovered cell in 1665
• Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden

  "all living things are made up of cells"
• Rudolf Virchow

  "All cells come from cells"
• Principles of Cell Theory

  All living things are made of cells

  Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell

  All cells arise from pre-existing cells
• Prokaryotic cell -small and simple in structures and lack of membrane- bounded nucleus
• Escherichia coli most diverse group of bacteria
• Eukaryotic cells

  -complex in structure and contain a membrane-bound nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles that carry out special functions. Examples: Animals, plants, fungi and protists