Alcohols and alcohol reactions

• Whats the general formula of alcohols?

  CnH2n+1OH
• whats the trends of alcohols?

  As the carbon atoms increase the boiling point increases due to increasing molecular size and so increasing intermolecular force strength (van der waal between hydrocarbon chain)
• what bonding is involved in alcohols?

  Alcohol molecules have hydrogen bomding between their molucules. These intermolecular forces mean extra heat energy has to be supplied to separate molecules from liquid to gaseous state.
• Whats the equation of alcohols undergoing complete combustion in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water?

  CH3CH2OH + 3O2 >2CO2 + 3H2O
• Whats the equation for the fermentation of sugars to make ethanol?

  C6H12O6 > 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
• What 4 things are needed for fermentation to occur?

  1. Yeast
  2. Anarobic conditions
  3. Temperature 25-38
  4. Glucose in aqueous solution
• whats batch production?

  Fixed amounts of reagents are mixed in a vessel and left a period of time in order to react
• What does biofuel mean?

  A combustional material originating from a living organism
• What does carbon neutral mean?

  No net carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere
• Whats the equation for the hydration of ethene to form ethanol?

  CH2=CH2 + H2O > C2H5OH
• What are 4 things that are needed for a catalytic hydration of ethene to occur?

  1. Catalyst ( concentrated phosphoric acid )
  2. High temperature
  3. High pressure
  4. Steam / water
• what is a carboncation ?

  Carbon structure with a positive charge