Glomerular Filtration

• Glomerulus: the working portion of the kidney
• Glomerulus is a coil of what?

  8 capillary lobes
• Glomerulus is located where?

  Bowman's capsule
• The glomerulus resembles a what?

  sieve
• Glomerulus is a NON-SELECTIVE FILTER of PLASMA substances with molecular weight of LESS THAN 70000 DALTONS.
• What are the 3 Glomerular Filtration Barrier?

  Capillary endothelium, trilayer basement membrane, and Podocytes of Bowman's space
• Capillary endothelium: large open pores
• What are the 3 trilayer basement membrane?

  lamina rara interna, lamina densa, and lamina rara externa
• Podocytes: cells that filter
• Shield of Negativity: Glomerulus contains NEGATIVE CHARGED PARTICLES that REPELS negative charged MOLECULES even if they are small enough to pass through.
• What is the order of passing in the shield of negativity?

  salt, water, amino acids, glucose, urea
• Albumin: despite having a MW of 69000 Da, this substance is repelled because of its negative charge
• What is the normal blood pH level?

  7.35-7.45
• In normal blood pH level, albumin is what?

  absorbed by the body
• If the blood pH is less than what, the albumin will have a positive charge and will not be repelled by the glomerulus, so it will be included in the urine and is an indicative of a disease?

  less than 4.9