Psychiatric p4

• Behavioral Theories - explores the way we behave
• Behavioral Theories:

  Pavlov's Classical Conditioning

  • Test Subject: Dog
  • Neutral Stimulus: Bell
  • Positive Stimulus: Food
• Behavioral Theories:

  Pavlov's Classical Conditioning

  • Connecting a neutral stimulus to a positive stimulus
• Behavioral Theories:

  Pavlov's Classical Conditioning

  • Happens unconsciously
• Behavioral Theories:

  Pavlov's Classical Conditioning

  • Learned Behavior is called: Conditioned Response
• Behavioral Theories:

  Skinner's Operant Conditioning

  • Also called as Instrumental Conditioning
• Behavioral Theories:

  Skinner's Operant Conditioning

  • Employ use of rewards and appreciation as well as punishments for behavior
• Behavioral Theories

  Bandura's Modeling and Self-Efficacy

  • Capacity to execute behaviors necessary to provide specific performances and attainments
• Behavioral Theories

  Bandura's Modeling and Self-Efficacy

  • Ability to have control over own: Motivation, Behavior, and Social Environment
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory

  • Inadequate or unsatisfying relationship produces anxiety
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory

  • Anxiety as basis for all emotional problems
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  1. Infancy
  2. Childhood
  3. Juvenile
  4. Preadolescence
  5. Early Adolescence
  6. Late Adolescence
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Infancy

  • Crying as a tool to establish trust
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Childhood

  • Parents as source of praise and acceptance as well as gratification
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Childhood

  • Gratification results to positive self-esteem and good confidence
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Juvenile

  • Uses 3Cs to establish relationship with others
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Juvenile - 3Cs:

  • Competition
  • Compromise
  • Cooperation
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Preadolescence

  • Develop CHUM relationship or friendship with person of SAME gender
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Early Adolescence

  • Develop INDEPENDENCE and RELATES to person of OPPOSITE SEX
• Behavioral Theories:

  Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory - 6 Stages:

  Late Adolescence

  • Develops INTIMATE relationship with person of OPPOSITE sex
• Behavioral Theories:

  Neurobiological Theories:

  • NEUROTRANSMITTERS are substances that neurons use to communicate with ONE ANOTHER and with their TARGET TISSUES
• Behavioral Theories:

  Neurobiological Theories:

  Process of using neurotransmitters are called:

  • SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
  • NEUROTRANSMISSION
• Behavioral Theories:

  Neurobiological Theories:

  • NEUROTRANSMITTERS bind to receptor proteins in cells
• Behavioral Theories:

  Neurobiological Theories:

  NEUROTRANSMITTERS help regulate

  • Mood
  • Behavior
  • Sleep
  • Memory
• Behavioral Theories:

  Neurobiological Theories:

  • SYNAPSE - structure permitting neurons to pass an ELECTRICAL or CHEMICAL signal to another neuron
• Neurotransmitters:

  1. Serotonin and Norepinephrine
  2. Dopamine
  3. Acetylcholine
  4. Gamma-aminobutyric Acid
  5. Glutamate
• Neurotransmitters:

  Serotonin and Norepinephrine

  • Serotonin: STABILIZES SLEEP, with role in DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and SLEEP CYCLE
• Neurotransmitters:

  Serotonin and Norepinephrine

  • Norepinephrine - Noradrenaline for fight or flight responses
• Neurotransmitters:

  Serotonin and Norepinephrine

  • Increased: Bipolar
  • Decreased: Depression
• Neurotransmitters:

  Dopamine

  • Memory
  • Movement
  • Motivation
  • Mood
  • Attention
• Neurotransmitters:

  Dopamine

  • Increased: schizophrenia
• Neurotransmitters:

  Dopamine - Associated with:

  • Parkinson's Disease
  • Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Restless Leg Syndrome
• Neurotransmitters:

  Acetylcholine

  • Memory
  • Learning
  • Attention
  • Arousal
  • Involuntary Movement
• Neurotransmitters:

  Acetylcholine

  • Decreased: Alzheimer's Disease
• Neurotransmitters:

  Gamma-aminobutyric Acid

  • Decreased: Anxiety
  • Since decreased excitability in nervous system
• Neurotransmitters:

  Glutamate

  • Increased: Psychotic Thinking and Neurotoxic
  • Decreased: Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease
• Neurotransmitters:

  Glutamate

  • Learning
  • Memory
• Tests / Diagnostics:

  1. Prenatal and Obstetrical Researches
  2. Genetics
  3. Immune System Studies
  4. Neuroendocrine Studies
• Tests / Diagnostics:

  Prenatal and Obstetrical Researches - common conditions in women:

  • Prenatal Mood
  • Anxiety Disorders
• Tests / Diagnostics:

  Immune System Studies - Mood conditions:

  • Anxiety
  • Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder
  • Depression