Topic 1 (Introduction to Biochemistry)

• Competitive inhibition is a type of enzyme regulation where a molecule similar in structure to the substrate competes with the substrate for binding to the active site, reducing the enzyme's activity.
• Noncompetitive inhibitor - occupies another space in the enzyme, altering it from its proper shape and function
• Competitive inhibitor - competes directly in enzyme's active site
• In feedback inhibition, the final product of a biochemical reaction inhibits the first step of the process by blocking the enzyme responsible for initiating the reaction.
• Carbohydrate Isomers of C6H12O6 (monosaccharide):

  • Glucose - blood sugar
  • Fructose - fruit, nectar, honey sugar
  • Galactose - milk sugar and antigens
• Carbohydrate Isomers of C12H22O11 (disaccharide):

  • Sucrose - sweet sugars (glucose + fructose)
  • Maltose - found in seeds for brewing (glucose + glucose)
  • Lactose - milk sugars (glucose + galactose)
• Starch is used as an energy source in plants and animals, while cellulose provides support and rigidity in plant cell walls.