ETHICS COMPILE NI MAAM

• Ethics entails living and actualizing moral principles in everyday concerns
• Ethics is about cultivating and building one's character of virtue, which does not happen overnight
• Ethics originates from the Greek word "ethos," meaning custom or character
• Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the rightness or wrongness of human actions
• Morality tells us what we ought to do and urges us to follow the right way
• Normative Ethics:

  • Prescriptive in nature, setting norms or standards for right and wrong conduct
  • Involves articulating good habits, duties to follow, and consequences of behavior on others
• Metaethics:

  • Descriptive in nature
  • Aims to understand the nature and dynamics of ethical principles
  • Questions the meanings of ethical terms and functions of ethical utterances
• Applied Ethics:

  • The actual application of ethical and moral theories to decide appropriate actions in specific situations
  • Divided into fields like business ethics, biomedical and environmental ethics, and social ethics
• Moral Standards aim to provide guidance on morally desirable or prejudicial actions
• Moral Dilemmas:

  • Situations where individuals are torn between conflicting options
  • Genuine moral dilemmas have no clear course of action that overrides the other
• Foundation of Morality:

  • Freedom and responsibility are central
  • Morality hinges on the idea that individuals are free to choose advantageous or inimical actions
• Minimum Requirement of Morality:

  • Reason serves as the grounding principle of moral actions
• Moral Theories:

  • Allegory of the Cave, Categorical Imperative, Discursive Procedure, Original Position, Impartial Spectator
• Culture shapes and influences social and personal values, decisions, behavior, and practices
• Habitus:

  • Set of predispositions that generate and structure human actions and behavior
  • Acquired non-forcefully and expressed in different manifestations
• Michel Foucault:

  • Hidden knowledge determines actions through power
  • Disciplinary power plays a role in shaping behavior
• Moral Agent:

  • Moral character guides decision-making
  • Virtue ethics focus on inner moral virtue and character traits
• Aristotle:

  • Goodness of character results from virtuous behavior
  • Virtue is developed through training and exercise
• Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development:

  • Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional levels
• Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development:

  • Concern for survival, Goodness, Imperative of Care